Provided by: hashrat_1.25+ds-1_amd64 
NAME
hashrat - hashing tool supporting several hashes and recursivity
SYNOPSIS
hashrat [options] [paths to hash]
hashrat -c [options] [input file of hashes]
DESCRIPTION
Hashrat is a hash-generation utility that supports the md5, sha1, sha256, sha512, whirlpool, jh-224,
jh256, jh-384 and jh-512 hash functions, and also the HMAC versions of those functions. It can output in
traditional format (same as md5sum and shasum and the like) or its own format.
Hashes can be output in octal, decimal, hexadecimal, uppercase hexadecimal and various types of base32
and base64.
Hashrat also supports directory recursion, hashing entire devices, and generating a hash for an entire
directory. It has a CGI mode that can be used as a web-page to lookup hashes.
OPTIONS
-?, -help, --help
Print this help.
-version, --version
Print program version.
-type <type>
Use hash algorithm <type>. Hash types can be chained as a comma-seperated list.
-md5 Use md5 hash algorithm. This is the default hash.
-sha1 Use sha1 hash algorithm.
-sha256
Use sha256 hash algorithm.
-sha512
Use sha512 hash algorithm.
-whirl Use whirlpool hash algorithm.
-whirlpool
Use whirlpool hash algorithm.
-jh224 Use jh-224 hash algorithm.
-jh256 Use jh-256 hash algorithm.
-jh384 Use jh-384 hash algorithm.
-jh512 Use jh-512 hash algorithm.
-hmac HMAC using specified hash algorithm.
-totp <secret>
TOTP code from supplied secret (defaults to google authenticator compatible code).
-totp <url>
TOTP code from supplied otpauth url, the url is distinguished from a secret using the leading
'oftpauth:' component.
-digits <n>
Produce TOTP code with <n> digits.
-period <n>
Produce TOTP code with period/lifetime of <n> seconds.
-8 Encode with octal instead of hex.
-10 Encode with decimal instead of hex.
-H, -HEX
Encode with UPPERCASE hexadecimal.
-32, -base32
encode with base32.
-c32 encode with Crockfords base32.
-w32 encode with word-safe base32.
-z32 encode with zbase32.
-64, -base64
encode with base64.
-i64, -i64
Encode with base64, with rearranged characters.
-p64, -p64
Encode with base64 with a-z,A-Z and _-, for best compatibility with 'allowed characters' in
websites.
-x64, -x64
Encode with XXencode style base64.
-u64, -u64
Encode with UUencode style base64.
-g64, -g64
Encode with GEDCOM style base64.
-a85, -a85
Encode with ASCII85.
-z85, -z85
Encode with ZEROMQ variant of ASCII85. -t, -trad Output hashes in traditional md5sum, shaXsum
format.
-tag, --tag -bsd
Output hashes in bsdsum format.
-r Recurse into directories when hashing files.
-hid Show hidden (starting with .) files
-hidden
Show hidden (starting with .) files
-f <listfile>
Hash files listed in <listfile>.
-i <pattern>
Only hash items matching a comma-seperated list of shell patterns. Please be aware that -i does
not yet work on directories, only files.
-x <pattern>
Exclude items matching a comma-seperated list of shell patterns. Works on both directories and
files.
-X <path>
Exclude items listed in file <path>. Items in the file can be wildcards.
-name <pattern> Only hash items matching a comma-seperated list of shell patterns (-name as in
the 'find' command).
-mtime <days> Only hash items <days> old. Has the same format as the find command, e.g. -10 is
younger than ten days, +10 is older than ten, and 10 is ten days old.
-mmin <mins> Only hash items <min> minutes old. Has the same format as the find command, e.g. -10
is younger than ten mins, +10 is older than ten, and 10 is ten mins old.
-myear <years> Only hash items <years> old. Has the same format as the find command, e.g. -10 is
younger than ten years, +10 is older than ten, and 10 is ten years old.
-exec In CHECK or MATCH mode only examine executable files.
-dups Search for duplicate files.
-rename
Rename files to include hash at the end of their filename. Files will have format
<name>-<hash>.<extn>.
-n <length>
Truncate hashes to <length> bytes.
-c CHECK hashes against list from file (or stdin).
-cf CHECK hashes but only show failures.
-C <dir>
CHECK files under dir recursively against a list from file (or stdin). This can detect 'new' files
-Cf <dir>
CHECK files under dir recursively against a list from file (or stdin). This can detect 'new'
files. Only show failures.
-m MATCH files from a list read from stdin.
-lm Read hashes from stdin, upload them to a memcached server (requires the -memcached option).
-memcached <server>, -mcd <server>
Specify memcached server. This option overrides reading list from stdin if used with -m, -c or
-cf.
-h <script>
-hook <script> Script to run when a file fails CHECK mode, or is found in MATCH mode. Script is
passed the filename as an argument. In 'find duplicates' mode a second file name (the duplicate)
will be passed as the second argument.
-color Use ANSI color codes on output when checking hashes.
-S, -strict
Strict mode: when checking, check file mtime, owner, group, and inode as well as its hash.
-d Dereference (follow) symlinks.
-fs Stay one filesystem.
-dir -dirmode DirMode: read all files in directory and create one hash for them (implies -r).
-devmode
DevMode: read from a file EVEN IF IT'S A DEVNODE.
-lines Read lines from stdin and hash each line independently.
-rl, -rawlines
Read lines from stdin and hash each line independently, INCLUDING any trailing whitespace. This is
compatible with 'echo text | md5sum'.
-cgi Run in HTTP CGI mode.
-xdialog
Run in 'xdialog' (zenity, yad or qarama) mode.
-dialog-types
Specify a list of dialog commands and use the first found on the system. Default is
'yad,zenity,qarma'.
-iprefix <prefix>
String to prefix all input before hashing
-oprefix <prefix>
Prefix to add to the front of output hashes
-net Treat 'file' arguments as either ssh or http URLs, and pull files over the network and then hash
them (allows hashing of files on remote machines). URLs are in the format
ssh://[username]:[password]@[host]:[port] or http://[username]:[password]@[host]:[port].
-idfile <path>
Path to a ssh private key file to use to authenticate INSTEAD OF A PASSWORD when pulling files via
ssh.
-xattr Use eXtended file ATTRibutes. In hash mode, store hashes in the file attributes. In check mode
compare against hashes stored in file attributes.
-txattr
Use TRUSTED eXtended file ATTRibutes. In hash mode, store hashes in trusted file attributes. The
trusted attributes can only be read and written by root. Under FreeBSD this means 'SYSTEM'
attributes.
-cache Use hashes stored in user xattr if they're younger than the mtime of the file. This speeds up
outputting hashes. When storing xattr hashes, do not update files that already have the correct
hash.
-u <types>
Update. In checking mode, update hashes for the files as you go. The <types> is a comma-separated
list of things to update, which can be xattr memcached or a file name. This will update these
targets with the hash that was found at the time of checking.
-hide-input
When reading data from stdin in linemode, set the terminal to not echo characters, thus hiding
typed input.
-xsel Update X11 clipboard and primary selections to the current hash. This works using Xterm command
sequences. The xterm resource 'allowWindowOps' must be set to 'true' for this to work.
-star-input
When reading data from stdin in linemode replace characters with stars.
NOTES
Hashrat can also detect if it's being run under any of the following names (e.g., via symlinks):
md5sum Run with '-trad -md5'.
shasum Run with '-trad -sha1'.
sha1sum
Run with '-trad -sha1'.
sha256sum
Run with '-trad -sha256'.
sha512sum
Run with '-trad -sha512'.
jh224sum
Run with '-trad -jh224'.
jh256sum
Run with '-trad -jh256'.
jh384sum
Run with '-trad -jh384'.
jh512sum
Run with '-trad -jh512'.
whirlpoolsum
Run with '-trad -whirl'.
hashrat.cgi
Run in web-enabled 'cgi mode'.
EXAMPLES
hashrat
Generate a md5 hash of data read from stdin (default hash type is md5).
hashrat -jh256
Generate a jh-256 hash of data read from stdin.
hashrat -sha256 -64
Generate a sha-256 hash of data read from stdin, output with base64 encoding.
hashrat -sha256 -64 -lines
Read lines from stdin, and generate a sha-256 with base64 encoding FOR EVERY LINE. This strips any
whitespace from the end of the line (including \r and/or \n line terminators).
hashrat -md5 -trad -rawlines
Read lines from stdin, and generate a md5 hash in traditional format for every line INCLUDING
TRAILING WHITESPACE. This is compatible with 'echo text | md5sum', where text is one line, as
echo adds a newline to the end of the text it outputs.
hashrat -type sha256,whirl,md5 -64
Generate a sha-256 hash of data read from stdin, then hash the result with whirlpool, then with
md5.
hashrat *
Generate a list of hashes for files in the current directory (default hash type is md5).
hashrat -r -sha1 * > hashes.sha1
Generate a list of hashes for files in the current directory, AND ALL SUBDIRECTORIES, using sha1
hashing.
cat hashes.sha1 | hashrat -c
Check hashes listed in hashes.sha1.
cat hashes.sha1 | hashrat -c -strict
Check hashes listed in hashes.sha1. If hashes are NOT in traditional format than the -strict flag
will cause hashrat to check the files uid, gid, size, mtime and inode and print a failure message
if any of those don't match.
cat hashes.sha1 | hashrat -cf
Check hashes listed in hashes.sha1 but only output failures.
cat APT1.md5 | hashrat -m -r /
Read a list of hashes from stdin and search recursively for files matching them.
cat APT1.md5 | hashrat -lm -memcached 127.0.0.1
Read a list of hashes from stdin, and register them in a memcached server.
hashrat -m -memcached 127.0.0.1 -r /
Search recursively for files whose hashes are stored in a memcached server.
hashrat -devmode -whirlpool -64 /dev/sda1
Generate a whirlpool hash of the entire device /dev/sda1. Output result in base 64.
hashrat -sha1 -net ssh:user:password@myhost/bin/*
Generate sha1 hashes of files in /bin/* on the remote machine 'myhost'.
hashrat -whirlpool -net http://myhost.com/webpage.html
Generate whirlpool hash for the listed URL. Note, many webpages have dynamic content that changes
every time, so this will only return the same hash over and over if the page is static and doesn't
change.
hashrat -dups -r /home -u xattr
Search for duplicate files under /home. Update hashes stored in filesystem attributes as you go.
USES FOR HASHRAT
1) Strong Passwords
Hashrat can be used to generate strong passwords for websites. So, you don't have to remember the strong
password, if it be always regenerate with hashrat. You need to remember a handful of moderately decent
passwords, i.e., things that I can't find by grepping in the '10,000 most popular passwords' list[1], and
an additional personal pin. Now, you need to combine the website name, one of passwords, and the personal
pin, into a string and feed them into hashrat:
$ echo "facebook.com password 1234" | hashrat -sha1 -64
Obviously, a good password isn't 'password' and a good pin isn't '1234', but you get the idea. This gives
a 28-character string that should take "8.02 trillion centuries" to crack with a "massive cracking
array", according to Steve Gibson's Password haystacks utility[2]. This is what I then use as my
password. Unfortunately some websites won't take a 28-character password, and for these you can truncate
to the appropriate length (using the -n flag), but the results are still stronger than anything you could
remember, and nothing needs storing on disk (as with password managers).
There are some dangers to using the 'echo' method shown above if you are on a shared machine, or if
someone gets hold of your computer/harddrive. On a shared machine someone could type 'ps ax' to see all
commands running, and if they time it right, they might see your command-line with your password in it.
Another danger lies in using a shell (like bash) that will record your typed commands so you can recall
them later. Bash stores this information on disk in the file .bash_history, so if you use the 'echo'
method shown above your password will be saved on disk. To combat this hashrat has line mode:
$ hashrat -sha1 -64 -lines
This reads lines from stdin, so type into hashrat and then press ENTER, and you'll be given the hash of
the line you typed. By this method your password is neither visible in 'ps ax', nor is ever stored on
disk.
A -lines will produce a different hash to the 'echo' method listed above, because it strips any trailing
whitespace off the lines read. If you want strict compatibility with 'echo' (by default echo adds a
newline to the end of the text to output) then use rawlines mode:
$ hashrat -sha1 -64 -rawlines
Finally, you can prevent shoulder-surfers seeing you type your password by using the -hide-input or
-star-input options to hide what you type.
[1] https://github.com/discourse/discourse/blob/master/lib/common_passwords/10k-common-passwords.txt
[2] https://www.grc.com/haystack.htm
2) Watching for file changes
Like md5sum/shasum etc, hashrat can be used to detect changes in files that might indicate malicious
activity. For instance, in order to get early warning of malware like cryptolocker (that encrypts files
on a users disk, or on network shares, and then demands a ransom for file recovery) you can scatter about
the disk a number of Canary files that should not change. You need record their hashes and regularly
check them. If they change, you will know something is going on.
Hashes generated by hashrat can be output to a file, or stored in extended file attributes, or in a
memcached server.
$ hashrat -sha256 -r . > /tmp/files.sha256
$ hashrat -sha256 -r . -xattr
$ hashrat -sha256 -r . -memcached
Similarly these can then be used to check files later:
$ cat /tmp/files.sha256 | hashrat -c -sha256
$ hashrat -C . -sha256 -xattr
$ hashrat -C /tmp -sha256 -memcached
Note that -c checks only check the files in the supplied list. The -C flag instead checks all files in a
directory (supplied on command line) and expects to find those in the list. This means that -C can find
new files that aren't in the list, whereas -c can't.
There is a slight difference between xattr/memcached checks and checks where a list is read from stdin.
Currently when reading from stdin hashrat will ONLY check the files in the list. However, in -xattr and
-memcached mode, it will check all files, outputting and error for those where no stored hash can be
found. This is likely to change in the a future release, with the stdin method being brought into line
with the others.
3) Finding files that match hashes
Using the -m flag hashrat can be told to read a range of hashes from stdin, and then search for files
matching those hashes. For Example:
$ cat APT1-AppendixE-MD5s.txt | hashrat -r -m /usr
The last command will search recursively under /usr for files with hashes matching those in
APT1-AppendixE-MD5s.txt. The input on stdin must begin with a hash, anything written after the hash will
be treated as a comment to be displayed if a file matching the hash is found.
Hashtypes other than md5 can be used thusly:
$ cat sha1-list.lst | hashrat -r -sha1 -m /usr
Hashes can also be loaded into a memcached server, so that the same file list can be checked on a number
of machines, without needing to store the hashlist on those machines. First you need load the hashes:
$ cat APT1-AppendixE-MD5s.txt | hashrat -lm -memcached 192.168.1.5
The last line loads the hashes to a memcached server at 192.168.1.5. You can then search against the
memcached server by:
$ hashrat -r -m -memcached 192.168.1.5 /usr
4) Find duplicate files
Using the -dups flag (usually in combination with the -r recursive flag) hashrat can be set to search for
duplicate files and output any found to stdout.
5) As an 'ls'
Hashrat outputs a file's name, type, mode, mtime, uid, gid and size, along with a hash. This allows it to
be used as a kind of 'ls' by ftp style programs, listing all the details of a file, but with the added
feature of a hash.
6) Hashing files on remote machines
If run with the '-net' option, hashrat will treat paths starting with 'http://' or 'ssh://' differently,
connecting to the target machine and pulling files off it (hashrat assumes there is no hashing program on
the remote machine, and that it must therefore download the files to hash them). For ssh paths wildcars
are supported:
hashrat -net ssh://username:password@server/usr/bin/*
7) As a TOTP authenticator
Hashrat can be used as a TOTP authenticator, and defaults to google-authenticator compatible codes.
hashrat -totp 3EK4LIB2553CUPA7DBXJMMKDCYTEA2IZA
HOOKSCRIPTS
Hookscripts, defined using the -h or -hook command-line options, are scripts that are run for each
hashed item. -h and -hook options take an argument that is the path to the script. Hookscripts behave
differently in different modes:
Check Hashes mode.
The hookscript is called if a file doesn't match its expected hash, or is not listed in the
expected hashes. It is passed the path of the file.
Locate files mode
The hookscript is called if a file matches the hash to locate. It is passed the path of the file.
Find duplicates mode
The hookscript is called if a file is a duplicate of another file. It is passed the paths of both
files.
CGI Mode
If hashrat is run with the -cgi flag, or if it's run with a name of hashrat.cgi (either by renaming the
hashrat executable, or via a symbolic link) it will output a webpage that allows users to look up hashes
over the web. This allows to look-up your strong passwords even if you don't have access to a local
version of hashrat.
CGI Mode can be configured using an options file. The file path is passed in the url, like this:
hashrat.cgi?OptionsFile=/etc/hashrat.options
If an options file is used, then CGI mode uses the options in the file as its defaults. The options file
contains the following :
HashType <type> Type of hash to generate
Encoding <type> Type of encoding to use for outputted hash
Line Ending <type> Line ending to append to input text. This is for compatibility with command-line
usage with "-rawlines". Options are "none", "lf", "crlf" or "cr", meaning "none", "newline", "carriage-
return newline" and "carriage-return" respectively.
OutputLength <len> Crop output hash to length len "len"
SegmentLength <len> Break output up into segments of length "len"
SegmentChar <char> Separate output segments with character "char"
NoOptions Do not offer the user the options so they can change them. Just show an entry box to
enter text.
HideText Hide inputted text (overrides any other config)
ShowText Show inputted text (overrides any other config)
Example:
HashType=sha256
Encoding=base64
LineEnding=none
OutputLength=12
SegmentLength=4
SegmentChar=+
NoOptions=Y
TOTP MODE
Hashrat can be used as a TOTP (Time-based One Time Password) authenticator and defaults to google-
authenticator compatible codes. The simplest use case is:
hashrat -totp <secret>
It's possible to change the hash, period/lifetime and number of digits in the TOTP code like so:
hashrat -totp 3EK4LIB2553CUPA7DB -sha256 -period 90 -digits 8
CLIPBOARD OUTPUT
Hashes produced in standard-in input mode and TOTP codes can be pushed to the system clipboard using the
`-clip` option. This option first tries to find a command that can set the clipboard, searching for one
of 'xsel', 'xclip' or 'pbcopy'. If it can't find any of these, it falls back to using xterm's built in
clipboard setting method.
Alternatively the `-xsel` option only attempts to use the xterm clipboard setting method.
The default list of clipboard commands can be overridden using the `-clipcmd` option.
QRCODE OUTPUT
Hashes produced in standard-in input mode and TOTP codes can be displayed as qrcodes using the `-qr` or
`-qrcode` options. These options require the "qrencode" utility to be installed, and also an image viewer
that can be used to display the qrcode image.
By default hashrat searches for the following image viewers:
imlib2_view,fim,feh,display,xv,phototonic,qimageviewer,pix,sxiv,qimgv,qview,nomacs,geeqie,ristretto,mirage,fotowall,links -g
The default list of image viewers can be overridden using the `-viewcmd` option.
RENAME FILES
The `-rename` option allows renaming files to include a hash in their filename. The filename format is
`<name>-<hash>.<extn>`. For example:
hashrat -p64 -md5 -rename main.c
Will rename `main.c` to `main-gAmHI2oarRmpiXkE7MVK90.c`, where `gAmHI2oarRmpiXkE7MVK90` is it`s MD5 has
encoded with the `p64` base-64 encoding scheme.
The standard `-64` encoding scheme uses the `/` character, which is not allowed in a filename and results
in renames failing. Thus the `-p64` or `-r64` encoding schemes should be used.
Using the `-r` flag entire directories of files can be renamed in this manner:
hashrat -p64 -md5 -rename -r myfiles
EXTENDED FILESYSTEM ATTRIBUTES
Hashrat can use extended filesystem attributes where these are supported. This allows a hash to be stored
in the filesystem metadata of the target file. This can then be used for checking hashes, or for caching
hashes to produce faster output during hashing runs. There are two types of filesystem attribute, trusted
attributes, which can only be set and read by root, and user attributes, which can be set and read by any
user that has the appropriate permissions for the file.
Hashes can be stored against files by using the -xattr option to set user attributes:
$ hashrat -sha256 -r . -xattr
And using the -txattr flag to set trusted attributes (you must be root to set trusted attributes):
# hashrat -sha256 -r . -txattr
When checking either flag can be used, but hashrat will always use trusted attributes when running as
root, if those are available, otherwise it will fall back to user attributes.
$ hashrat -c -sha256 -r . -xattr
The -cache option allows using stored hashes rather than regenerating hashes. It only considers hashes
stored in user attributes at current.
$ hashrat -r . -cache
This makes getting a report of hashes considerably faster, but it runs the risk that the hashes may not
be accurate. Hashrat will only output a hash stored in file attributes if the storage time of the hash is
younger than the modify time (mtime) of the file, however, this means an attacker could change the modify
time of the file to hide changes they've made. Thus this feature should not be used for security checking
purposes (but should be safe for uses like finding files that have changed and need to be backed up, for
instance).
AUTHOR
The hashrat was written by Colum Paget <colums.projects@gmail.com>.
This manual page was written by Joao Eriberto Mota Filho <eriberto@debian.org> for the Debian project
(but may be used by others).
HASHRAT 1.23 Dec 2024 hashrat(1)