Provided by: smenu_1.4.0-1_amd64 
NAME
smenu - filter that allows one to interactively select a word from stdin and outputs the selection to
stdout.
SYNOPSIS
[*-h|-help]
[*-H|-long_help]
[*-?|-u|-usage]
[*-V|-version]
[-n|-lines|-height [height]]
[-i|-in|-inc|-incl|-include... regex]
[-e|-ex|-exc|-excl|-exclude... regex]
[-m|-msg|-message|-title message]
[-!|-int|-int_string [string]]
[-a|-attr|-attributes prefix:attr...]
[-1|-l1|-level1 regex [attr]]
[-2|-l2|-level2 regex [attr]]
[-3|-l3|-level3 regex [attr]]
[-4|-l4|-level4 regex [attr]]
[-5|-l5|-level5 regex [attr]]
[-6|-l6|-level6 regex [attr]]
[-7|-l7|-level7 regex [attr]]
[-8|-l8|-level8 regex [attr]]
[-9|-l9|-level9 regex [attr]]
[-T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode [delim]]
[-z|-zap|-zap_glyphs bytes]
[-P|-pm|-pin|-pin_mode [delim]]
[-0|-noat|-no_auto_tag]
[-p|-at|-auto_tag]
[-N|-number... [regex...]]
[-U|-unnumber... [regex...]]
[-F|-en|-embedded_number]
[-D|-data|-options [parameter...]
[-b|-blank]
[-M|-middle|-center]
[-d|-restore|-delete|-clean|-delete_window|-clean_window]
[-c|-col|-col_mode|-column]
[-l|-line|-line_mode]
[-t|-tab|-tab_mode|-tabulate_mode [cols]]
[-w|-wide|-wide_mode]
[-C|-cs|-cols|-cols_select... [directive][selector...]]
[-R|-rs|-rows|-rows_select... [directive][selector...]]
[-al|-align... [re_selectors...]]
[-A|-fc|-first_column regex]
[-Z|-lc|-last_column regex]
[-g|-gutter [string]]
[-k|-ks|-keep_spaces]
[-W|-ws|-wd|-word_delimiters|-word_separators bytes]
[-L|-ls|-ld|-line-delimiters|-line_separators bytes]
[-q|-no_bar|-no_scroll_bar]
[-no_hbar|-no_hor_scroll_bar]
[-S|-subst... /regex/repl/opts]
[-I|-si|-subst_included... /regex/repl/opts]
[-E|-se|-subst_excluded... /regex/repl/opts]
[-ES|-early_subst... /regex/repl/opts]
[-/|-search_method prefix|substring|fuzzy]
[-s|-sp|-start|-start_pattern pattern]
[-x|-tmout|-timeout type [word] delay]
[-X|-htmout|-hidden_timeout type [word] delay]
[-r|-auto_validate]
[-is|-incremental_search]
[-v|-vb|-visual_bell]
[-Q|-ignore_quotes]
[-lim|-limits limit:value...]
[-f|-forgotten_timeout|-global_timeout timeout]
[-nm|-no_mouse]
[-br|-buttons|-button_remapping new_button_1 new_button_3]
[-dc|-dcd|-double_click|-double_click_delay delay_in_ms]
[-sb|-sbw|-show_blank_words [blank_char]]
selectors ::= See the -C|-cs|-cols description for more details.
re_selectors ::= RE,...
directive ::= i|I|e|E|l|L|r|R|c|C
parameter ::= [l|r:<char>]|[a:left|right]|[p:included|all|[w:<num>]|
[f:yes|no]|[o:<num>[+]]|[n:<num>]|[i:<num>]|[d:<char>]|
[s:<num>]|[h:trim|cut|keep]
attr ::= [fg][/bg][,style]
RE ::= <char>regex<char>
selectors and RE can be freely mixed.
style can only contain a maximum of 6 characters.
<char> in RE is any non-blank ASCII character except ','.
Note that some parameters require that others have been previously entered in the command line to be
accepted.
DESCRIPTION
This small utility acts as a filter when no input file is given (reads from stdin and writes to stdout)
or takes its inputs from that file.
All words read are presented in a scrolling window on the terminal at the current cursor position,
without clearing the screen first.
The selection cursor is initially positioned on the first selectable word by default.
In this window, words can be displayed next to each other, with a fixed size, or in rows or columns
respecting the line ends as input. In column mode, words can also be centred, left aligned or right
aligned. See the options -C|-cs|-cols|-cols_select, -R|-rs|-rows|-rows_select and -al|-align for more
information.
There are options to explicitly or implicitly include/exclude or align words using extended regular
expressions. Note that once certain words are explicitly excluded, they cannot be re-included later.
Excluded words are skipped when the selection cursor is moved and cannot be searched for.
The -W|-ws|-wd|-word_delimiters|-word_separators option can be used to set the characters (or multibyte
sequences) which will be used to delimit the input words. The default delimiters are: SPACE, \t and \n.
The -L|-ls|-ld|-line-delimiters|-line_separators has a similar meaning for lines.
Special character sequences formed by a \ followed by one of the characters a b t n v f r and \ are
understood and have their traditional meanings.
smenu strives to support UTF-8 encoding, both as input and output. UTF-8 sequences introduced by \u and
\U are also understood.
Warning, when used together, it is important to know that all sequences beginning with \U will be
interpreted before the beginning of the interpretation of sequences beginning with \u.
\u can be followed by 2,4,6 or 8 hexadecimal characters composing an UTF-8 bytestring. Here is an
example of using \u to compose a Latin Small Letter E with Acute: \uc3a9.
\U must be followed by exactly 6 hexadecimal digits, including leading zeros, that represent a Unicode
codepoint according to ISO 10646 UCS-4. The Latin Small Letter E with Acute of the previous example
(codepoint U+00E9) can then be represented as \U0000e9.
Note that with most shells, the \ before u and U need to be protected or escaped.
Quotations (single and double) in the input stream can be used to ignore the word separators so that a
group of words are taken as a single entity.
Non printable characters in words that are not delimiters are converted to their traditional form (\n for
end-of-line, \t for tabulation...) by default.
An invalid UTF-8 sequence or other non-printable character will be replaced by a dot (.) by default.
There is nevertheless a possibility to change this substitution character with another ASCII printable
one with the help of the command line option -.|-dot|-invalid.
Warning, UTF-8 encoded codepoints are quietly converted into the substitution character when the user
locale is not UTF-8 aware like POSIX or C by example.
Words containing only spaces, entered directly or resulting from a substitution, are also rejected unless
they are not selectable. This allows special effects like creating blank lines for example. These words
are also kept in column mode, selectable or not.
smenu has an option to define a set of characters or UTF-8 sequences which should be ignored when reading
words. This can be very useful when dealing with inputs where the EOL sequence consists in more than one
character.
A typical example is DOS or Windows files with lines ending with CRLF. In such a case one might decide
to ignore all CR characters from the input.
Keyboard and mouse usage.
keyboard:
The cursor can be moved in any direction using the arrow keys of the keyboard: ←, ↓, ↑, → or the vi
direction keys: h, j, k and l. The HOME, END, PgDn and PgUp keys can also be used when available.
The meaning of the movement keys is as follows:
←, h Previous word
SHIFT HOME, CTRL ←, H Start of line in column or line mode
↑, k Previous line
PgUp, K Previous page
HOME First word of the window
CTRL HOME, SHIFT HOME, CTRL K First word
< The window's content is shifted to the
left while keeping the cursor visible
→, l Next word
SHIFT END, CTRL →, L End of line in column or line mode
↓, j Next line
PgDn, J Next page
END Last word of the window
CTRL END, SHIFT END, CTRL J Last word
> The window's content is shifted to the
right while keeping the cursor visible
CTRL ←/H (resp. CTRL →/L) places the cursor so that a maximum number of words (selectable or not) are
visible to the left (reps. right) side of the window.
When the content of the window is shifted to the left or right using < or > or the mouse, the cursor
always highlights the same word and remains visible. This can block sole shifting operations.
Mouse:
With many terminal emulators, it is possible to use the mouse to interact with the screen content.
Warning, if groups of extended graphemes are present in the input, mouse-based selection is only
accurate if the terminal correctly displays these graphemes. An example of a non-functional terminal
is xterm, an example of a functional terminal is wezterm.
When the mouse is supported, the cursor can turn into an arrow (but not always) and the mouse can then
be used as a point and click device as follows:
First (usually left) mouse button (note that buttons can be remapped):
• A click on a word selects it if it is selectable.
• A click on a word while holding the CTRL key pressed when tagging/pinning is activated
marks/unmarks this word.
• A Click at the ends of the vertical scroll bar (if present) is equivalent to pressing the
keyboard's up or down arrow.
A click anywhere else on the vertical scroll bar moves the cursor to another word, depending on
where you click.
The new current word will be positioned at the beginning of a line if possible.
A click at the ends of the horizontal scroll bar (if present) is equivalent to pressing the
keyboard's left or right arrow.
A click anywhere else on the horizontal scroll bar moves the cursor left of right on the line
containing the cursor, but does not move it further than the first or last word on that line.
• A double-click on a word selects it, if selectable, and acts as if the Enter key had been pressed,
the double-click delay being configurable.
• A click on the left or right horizontal arrow of each line (when visible) shifts the content of the
window to the left or right, one word at a time.
Nothing happens if the cursor risks leaving the window.
Note that clicking on a left-facing arrow in an empty line means that not all the words in that
line could be displayed because of previous shifts or moves. In this case, smenu will try to
display the last word of this line but it is not always possible as the cursor must remain visible.
The keyboard commands < and > can be used in such a case because the cursor is already on the
current line.
Third (usually right) mouse button:
• When tagging or pinning is enabled, a click on a word tags/untags it if it is selectable.
• When tagging or pinning is enabled, a click on a word while holding the CTRL key pressed has the
following actions:
- If the word clicked is selectable and no word is already marked then marks it.
- If a word is marked and the clicked word is selectable and is not the marked word, then:
+ In column mode, if the marked word is in the same column/line as the clicked word, tags all
words bounded by those words in that column/line as if Z the keyboard command were used.
+ In line or column mode, if the marked word is in the same line as the clicked word, tags all
words bounded by those words in that line.
+ Otherwise, tags all words bounded by the marked word and the clicked one.
+ In all cases, the mark is removed.
Mouse wheel:
• Rotating the mouse wheel scrolls the contents of the window one line up or down.
• Rotating the mouse wheel while holding down the CTRL key scrolls the contents of the window one
page up or down.
This feature may not work depending on the terminal and operating system.
Be sure to use the wheel when the mouse pointer is over the smenu window, as some terminal emulators
may otherwise zoom the screen in and out instead.
Remember that mouse support does not disable the keyboard, so use the keys instead if the mouse is not
working properly.
Some terminals may not report clicks after the 223rd line or column due to a limitation of the old X11
mouse tracking protocol, one example of such a terminal emulator is screen < 4.7.0. tmux as well as
screen >= 4.7.0 are fine.
Keyboard and mouse can be used at the same time.
Remark 1.
Some X-Window terminal emulators may not support the enable/disable bracketed pastes escape sequence,
in such a case if may be necessary to explicitly clear the content of the paste buffer before running
smenu so that the mouse buttons (especially for pasting) do their job correctly.
This action can easily be performed using the command xsel -c for example.
Remark 2.
Some X-Windows terminal emulators intercept mouse input when some modifiers are used, a typical
example is xterm which displays popup menus in these cases.
For xterm (Patch #361 - 2020/10/14 or later) a working workaround is to use the X resource
XTerm*omitTranslation:popup-menu either by adding it in your .Xresources file and register it with
xrdb or by launching xterm using the -xrm 'XTerm*omitTranslation:popup-menu' command line option.
Remark 3 for BSD systems.
In order for the mouse to work properly under (virtualised?) FreeBSD and perhaps other BSD variants,
it may be necessary add the following two lines to the file ~/.Xmodmap:
! Disable button 8 and 9.
pointer = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0 10 11 12
And run the command: xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap (ignore any warnings issued by this command).
This can also be done non-permanently by running the command:
xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0 10 11 12"
If this is not enough, try to disable buttons 8 to 12.
Direct access:
If -N|-number, -U|-unnumber or -F|-en|-embedded_number are used, then it becomes possible to directly
access a word by entering its number. The numbering created using these option is done before any
words substitution done using -S|-subst /regex/repl/opts, -I|-si|-subst_included or
-E|-se|-subst_excluded.
Using a combination of these options, it is easy to control which words will be numbered by adding a
special symbol in it before using smenu and removing it (substituted by nothing) afterward using
-I|-si|-subst_included by example.
-E|-se|-subst_excluded gives another way to do that, see below or more.
Changing input words
smenu offers the possibility to modify the input words in a sed-like way. Words can be modified at two
points: just after they have been read and after other operations have been applied, such as enabling,
disabling or coloring.
The related options are -ES|-subst, -S|-subst, -I|-si|-subst_included and -E|-se|-subst_excluded their
descriptions can be found in the OPTIONS section.
Searching for words
A word can be searched using different algorithms: prefix, substring of fuzzy.
prefix (keys ^ or =):
The sequence of characters entered must match the beginning of a word.
substring (keys " or '):
The sequence of characters entered must match a substring in a word.
fuzzy (keys ~ or *):
All the characters in the entered sequence must appear in the same order in a word, but need not
be consecutive.
The case is also ignored.
Note that spaces and tabs at the beginning and end of words are ignored when searching for
substrings or fuzzy strings.
The cursor is placed, if possible, on the first matching word having the minimum number of gaps
between the first and last matching character, see the difference between the actions of the s/S
and n/N keys below.
This method also tolerates intermediate symbols not appearing in the words which will be ignored.
If this is the case, the attributes of the approximately matching words are changed into an error
versions of them to warn the user to this situation.
The erroneous symbols will not be inserted in the search buffer.
For example: if the word abcdef is present in the standard input, then entering abxcdye puts
abcdef in the search buffer and the word is added to the list of matching words and displayed with
an error attribute (in red by default).
This special state will persist until all the symbols following the first erroneous one are
deleted (using backspace) or if ESC is pressed to cancel the search session and clear the search
buffer.
During a search session, the cursor changes and each character entered is added in (or removed from) the
search buffer. The display is refreshed after each change in this buffer.
A 10 seconds timeout (by default) automatically ends the current search session as if the Enter key had
been pressed. This timeout is reset each time a new key is hit in search mode. This delay can be
configured using the search entry in the timers section of the configuration file as shown in the example
in the configuration subsection.
The slash key (/) can also be used instead of any of these keys. By default it is is programmed to do a
fuzzy search but this can be changed by using the command line option (-/|-search_method) or by tuning a
configuration file, see below.
All the words matching the current search buffer are enhanced: The characters present in the current
search buffer are highlighted in one way and the other characters in another way. Both of these
highlighting methods are configurable.
If the user has entered the search sequence: o, s, then the matching word "words" will be displayed as
words when the fuzzy algorithm is in use depending of the display attributes configured.
ENTER and all cursor moves terminate the search session but do not clear the list of the matching words
and the search buffer.
The user can then use the n/s/SPACE keys (forward) and the N/S keys (backward) to navigate in the list of
matching words,
In fuzzy search mode, the s/S keys attempt to move the cursor to the next/previous word whose matching
part forms a substring of this word. If no such matches exist, s/S and n/N do the same things. To move
the cursor to the next/previous fuzzy match, use the n/N/SPACE keys. s means next substring match in
this context while n just means next match.
If the user hits the HOME or END key during a search session then the list of matching words is reduced
to the words starting (respectively) ending with the current search pattern and the window is refreshed.
For those who consider HOME and END as non-intuitive, the CTRL A and CTRL Z keys are also available in
search mode as an alternative. This behavior is persistent until the user hit the ESC or ENTER key.
For example, if the search pattern in substring mode is sh and the user hits END, then only the words
ending with sh will be added in the searched word list and enhanced.
Note that when a matching word is selected, its enhanced characters only show one of the multiple
matching possibilities.
When not in a search session ESC can be also used to clear the list of matching words and to reset the
search buffer.
Note that the search buffer is persistent as long as the same search algorithm is used and ESC has not
been pressed.
Selection and Exit
Pressing q gives the possibility to exit without selecting anything.
CTRL C (Abort) also exits the program immediately with a return code equal to 128+SINGINT (by default)
without selecting anything. See the -!|-int|-int_string option for more information about the
customization of the CTRL C behavior.
By default, ENTER or a double click with the first mouse button if applicable writes the selected word to
stdout when not in search mode otherwise it exits from this mode and does nothing more. If you want to
be able to select a word even when in search mode, use the -r|-auto_validate option to change this
behavior.
Tagging (multiple selections)
When the tagging is activated by using the command line -T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode or -P|-pm|-pin|-pin_mode
option, then the keys t, u, INS, DEL c, r, m, M, T, C, R and U, can be used to tag/untag some words.
These tagged words will then be sent to the standard output when ENTER is pressed.
Their meanings is as follows:
t Tags/untags or Pin/unpin the word under the cursor (toggle).
u Untags or unpins the word under the cursor.
INS Tags or pins the word under the cursor.
DEL Untags or unpins the word under the cursor.
c Tags or pins all the selectable words in the current column when no word is marked, otherwise acts
like C.
r Tags or pins all the selectable words in the current row/line when no word is marked, otherwise
acts like R.
m Marks the current word, the cursor aspect will change until the word is unmarked.
M or ESC
Unmarks the current word, other actions will also automatically unmark the word, see below.
T If no word are marked and the result of a search is still displayed then tags all words found in
this search.
If no word has been searched and no word is marked, then the current word is marked, just as if m
has been used instead. Otherwise all words between the marked word and the current word are
tagged.
The marked word will no longer be marked after tagging is complete.
Z Like T when not in search mode and when the marked words is not on the same column or line as the
cursor in column mode.
When in column mode and if the marked word is in the same column or line as the cursor, tags only
the words in the same column (respectively line) bounded by the marked word and the cursor.
C As for T, C marks the current word if no word is currently marked, just as if m had been used
instead.
If a word is already marked, C tags/pins the words between the current and the marked words if
they are the same column.
The marked word will no longer be marked after tagging is complete.
R As for T, R marks the current word if no word is currently marked, just as if m has been used
instead.
If a word is already marked, R tags/pins the words between the current and the marked words if
they are the same row/line.
The marked word will no longer be marked after tagging is complete.
Note that when you use T, C or R with pinning enabled, the order of word selection depends on whether the
marked word is before or after the current word.
When a word is marked, the pinning order using c and r increases from the marked word to the current
word.
When no words are marked, the pinning order when using c and r always increases from top to bottom and
from left to right respectively.
U Untags or unpins the last tagging action.
CTRL T Untags all the previously tagged/pinned words.
The marked word, if any, will no longer be marked after this action.
Also note that using some of these keys may be more easily achieved by using the third mouse button
(usually the right one) when the mouse is available.
See how to use the right mouse buttons in the "Keyboard and mouse usage." at the beginning of this
manual.
Help
A small help message can be displayed when hitting the ? key. This message will last for 10s or until
another key or ESC is pressed.
Scroll bars
The vertical scroll bar is displayed at the right of the scrolling window. Its appearance is meant to be
classical but it has some particularities:
• The vertical scroll bar is not displayed if all the input words fit on only one line.
• Otherwise, the vertical scroll bar is always displayed except when the -q option is set. This option
completely disables the scroll display of all scroll bars.
• When the scrolling window has only one line, the vertical scroll bar has only 3 states:
- v when on all but the last line, indicating that you can go down to see more.
- ^ when on the last line.
- | otherwise.
• When there is more than one line to display, / means that the window displays the first line, \ the
last line. | is used to fill the gap, see below the different possible configurations.
\ \ ^ ^ \
| | | | /
/ v / v
A + can also appear in the scroll bar in lieu of the vertical bar, giving the relative position of the
cursor line in the bunch of input words.
The horizontal scroll bar is only displayed below the window when the current line is truncated in line
of column mode.
If its appearance scrolls up the windows in the screen, the new position of the window will unchanged
even it this scroll bar is no more displayed as the line containing the cursor is no more truncated.
Terminal resizing (also see BUGS/LIMITATIONS)
The windows is redrawn if the terminal is resized. The redrawing is actually done only 1s after the end
of the resizing to avoid artifacts on screen. The cursor will remain on the current selected word but
may be displayed at another place in the window.
Unicode support
This utility is Unicode aware and should be able to display correctly any Unicode character (even double-
width ones) as long as the current encoding is UTF-8 (UTF-8 in the output of the locale command).
Note that smenu will not attempt to normalize words containing UTF-8 glyphs. Thus \u61\ucc88 (ä) will
not be considered equal to \uc3a4 (canonical normalization of ä). It is nevertheless possible to use an
external tool such as uconv from the ICU project (https://icu.unicode.org) to do this work before using
smenu.
For example: uconv can be used as a filter as in:
cat ... | uconv -x any-nfc | smenu
Optional configuration file
If a file with adequate permissions and the same name as the executable but prefixed with a dot is
present in the current directory or in the user's home directory, then it will be parsed as a .ini file.
The values read from the file in the home directory will be overridden by the ones read from the local
directory (if it is present).
Missing and bad keywords are silently skipped.
The values read, if valid, override the default hard-coded ones.
If a value is invalid an error message is shown and the program terminates.
The values of the timers must be given in units of 1/10 of a second.
Here is an example giving the syntax and the names of the keywords allowed:
--8<------------------------------------------------------------------
[colors]
; The terminal must have at least 8 colors and/or have attributes
: like bold and reverse for this to be useful
; if not the following settings will be ignored.
method=ansi ; classic | ansi (default)
cursor=0/2 ; cursor attributes
cursor_on_tag=0/2,u ; cursor on tag attributes
shift=6,b ; shift symbol attributes
message=0/3 ; message (title) attributes
bar = 7/4,b ; scroll bars attributes
search_field = 0/6 ; search field attributes
search_text = 7,bu ; search text attributes
match_field = 1,b ; matching words field attributes
match_text = 7,bu ; matching words text attributes
search_err_field = 1 ; approximate search field attributes
search_err_text = 1,r ; approximate search text attributes
; match_err_field = 3 ; approximate matching words field attributes
match_err_text = 1 ; approximate matching words text attributes
; include = b ; selectable color attributes
exclude = 4/0,u ; non-selectable color attributes
tag = 0/5 ; tagged (selected) attributes
daccess = 3,b ; direct access tag attributes
special1 = 7/4,b ; attributes for the special level 1
special2 = bu ; attributes for the special level 2
special3 = /3,b ; attributes for the special level 3
special4 = 7/4 ; attributes for the special level 4
special5 = 7/2,b ; attributes for the special level 5
special9 = 2,rb ; attributes for the special level 9
[window]
lines = 7 ; default number of lines of the window
[limits]
word_length = 1024 ; arbitrary max length of input words (int)
words = 32767 ; arbitrary max number of allowed input
; words (int)
columns = 128 ; arbitrary max number of columns (int)
[timers]
search = 100 ; search timeout in 1/10 s
help = 150 ; duration of the help message in 1/10 s
window = 7 ; delay before redrawing if the size of the
; terminal's window change in 1/10 s
direct_access = 6 ; duration allowed to add a new digit to
; the direct word access number in 1/10 s
forgotten = 9000 ; An explicit delay (in 1/10 s) before smenu
; is forced to stop as if "q" had been pressed.
; Useful when one forgot to make a selection.
[misc]
default_search_method = substring
[mouse]
double_click_delay= 200 ; delay in milliseconds
--8<------------------------------------------------------------------
• The method keyword can take the two possible values displayed above and determines if you want to use
the native method (limited to 8 colors) of the ansi method (ISO 8613-6) if your terminal supports more
than 8 colors.
The default value corresponds to ansi.
The attributes syntax is [fg][/bg][[,.+]toggles] where fg and bg are numbers representing the
foreground and background color and toggles is a strings which can contain the characters b, d, r, s,
u, i, n and l representing respectively bold, dim, reverse, standout, underline, italic, invisible and
blink.
• Spaces are allowed anywhere in the lines and between them, even around the =.
• Everything following a ; is ignored.
• When undefined, the default limits are:
words 32767
word_length 512
columns 256
OPTIONS
Not all options may be available, depending on the current context.
When smenu is called and before the first option is evaluated, it is in the Main context. Each option
can switch to another context in which only a subset of the options is usable.
For each parameter described below, the contexts in which the associated option is defined as well as the
context to which it leads, if any, are given.
An option not defined in a context will force the end of the current context and will be recursively
evaluated in the previous contexts until found (or not). If not found, an error message is displayed and
smenu is terminated.
The contexts defined in smenu are:
Main
The default context
Columns
After the -c|-col|-col_mode|-column parameter.
Lines
After the -l|-line|-line_mode parameter.
Tabulations
After the -t|-tab|-tab_mode|-tabulate_mode parameter.
Tagging
After the -T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode or -P|-pm|-pin|-pin_mode parameter.
WARNING
Here is a situation that may seem confusing at first glance.
Imagine the only parameter command line parameter is -cols_select.
Since this is a parameter of an option which is not valid when not in the Columns context, it should
have raised an error but it still seems to be accepted.
The trick is: when not in column mode -cols_select is indeed not accepted but its prefix (-col) is
valid. The options are thus understood as: -col -s_select. The same mechanism occurs again as -s is
also valid in column mode so the final understanding of the command line is: -col -s _select.
Another example that illustrates the fact that long parameters have priority over short parameter
combinations: -is will not select only words containing a "s", but will act in the same way as its
alternative name (-incremental_search).
If you really want to select only words containing a "s", simply add a space after the i as in -i s or
use one of the other -i names such as -inc for example.
In such cases, the user may set the CTXOPT_DEBUG environment variable which any non-empty content.
If we reconsider the -cols_select example with CTXOPT_DEBUG set the output is now:
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Parameter: -cols_select. Evaluation context: Main.
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Found a valid parameter as a prefix of -cols_select: -col.
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Parameter: -col. Evaluation context: Main.
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Switch to context Columns.
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Parameter: -s_select. Evaluation context: Columns.
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Found a valid parameter as a prefix of -s_select: -s.
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Parameter: -s. Evaluation context: Columns.
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Argument: _select.
In this case, adding a space in the command line: -col -cols_select 1 also solves the issue and
indicates that only the first column should be selectable.
Note, however, that at least one argument for -cols_select is now required:
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Parameter: -col. Evaluation context: Main.
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Switch to context Columns.
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Parameter: -cols_select. Evaluation context: Columns.
CTXOPT_DEBUG: Argument: 1.
The -h|-help and -?|-u|-usage options now display the help and synopsis of the available options in the
current context.
Example:
smenu -col -u will only show the usage in the Columns context
The contexts contain all the non-context-changing options so, in practice, the usage should be intuitive.
You may nevertheless have to adjust some scripts using the old smenu releases as I did in the lvm_menu
example.
Some of the advantages of this new system of options are:
• Long parameter names are allowed One dash is enough, but two are also allowed for compatibility
reasons.
• An option can be referenced by any number of parameters with short or long names.
• Auto checking of missing mandatory options, duplicated option,...
• Only options usable in the current context are allowed.
This option management system is explained in more detail at https://github.com/p-gen/ctxopt.
The description of each command line parameter is as follows:
-h|-help
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Display a context specific help messages and exits.
-H|-long_help
(Allowed in the "Main" context.)
Display a long (non context specific) help messages and exits.
-?|-u|-usage
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Displays a short help message and exits.
-V|-version
(Allowed in the "Main" context.)
The .smenu files in the user's home directory and in the current directory, if present, will be
ignored when this option is used.
-n|-lines|-height [height]
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Gives the maximum number of lines in the scrolling selection window.
If -n|-lines|-height is not present the number of lines will be set to 5.
If -n|-lines|-height is present without argument, then the height of the terminal will be used to
determine the number of lines. This remains true even if the terminal is resized.
If -n|-lines|-height is present with a numerical argument, this value will be used to determine
the number of lines.
-i|-in|-inc|-incl|-include... regex
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Sets the include filter to match the selectable words. All the other words will become implicitly
non-selectable (excluded)
-i|-in|-inc|-incl|-include can be used more than once with cumulative effect.
\u and \U sequences can also be used in the regexp.
-e|-ex|-exc|-excl|-exclude... regex
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Sets the exclude filter to match the non-selectable words. All the other selectable words will
become implicitly selectable (included)
-e|-ex|-exc|-excl|-exclude can be used more than once with cumulative effect. This filter has a
higher priority than the include filter.
The regex selections made using -i|-in|-inc|-incl|-include and/or -e|-ex|-exc|-excl|-exclude are
done before the possible words alterations made by -I|-si|-subst_included or
-E|-se|-subst_excluded (see below).
\u and \U sequences can also be used in the regexp.
-m|-msg|-message|-title message
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Displays a message (title) above the window. If the current locale is not UTF-8, then all UTF-8
characters will be replaced by the substitution character.
\u and \U sequences can be used in the message.
Note that the message will be truncated if it does not fit on a terminal line.
-!|-int|-int_string [string]
(Allowed in all contexts.)
The optional string argument, when present, defines the string to be used as the selection string
when the CTRL C sequence is entered.
If string is missing then nothing will be selected.
In all cases, when -!|-int|-int_string is present in the command line, the return code of the
program will be 0.
This gives the user the choice to make the behavior of CTRL C similar to that of q and Q or to
that of the Unix shell leaving the shell with a return code greater than 128.
-a|-attr|-attributes prefix:attr...
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Sets the display attributes of the elements displayed and the cursor.
At least one attribute prefixed attribute must be given.
prefix can take the following values:
i included words.
e excluded words.
c cursor.
b scroll bar.
s shift indicator.
m message (title).
t tagged words.
ct cursor on tagged words.
sf search field.
st search text.
sfe approximate search field with error.
ste approximate search text with error.
mf matching words field.
mt matching words text.
mfe matching words field with error.
mte matching words text with error.
da direct access tag.
If more than one attribute is given, they must be separated by spaces.
Example: -attr i:/5 e:4,br b:7/3,rb c:7/2,b
See the the -1|-l1|-level1 option below for the description of the attributes syntax after the
colon and an example.
-1|-l1|-level1 regex [attr]
-2|-l2|-level2 regex [attr]
-3|-l3|-level3 regex [attr]
-4|-l4|-level4 regex [attr]
-5|-l5|-level5 regex [attr]
-6|-l6|-level6 regex [attr]
-7|-l7|-level7 regex [attr]
-8|-l8|-level8 regex [attr]
-9|-l9|-level9 regex [attr]
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Allows one to give a special display color to up to 5 classes of words specified by regular
expressions. They are called special levels. Only selectable words will be considered.
By default, the first 5 special levels have their foreground color set to red, green,
brown/yellow, purple and cyan and the remaining 4 levels are set to white. All these colors also
can be set or modified permanently in the configuration files. See the example file above for an
example.
The optional second argument (attr) can be used to override the default or configured attributes
of each class. Its syntax is the same as the one used in the configuration file:
[fg][/bg][,{b|d|r|s|u|i|n|l}] | [{b|d|r|s|u|i|n|l}]
Examples of possible attributes are:
2/0,bu green on black bold underline
/2 green background
5 text in purple
rb reverse bold
\u and \U sequences can be used in the pattern.
-z|-zap|-zap_glyphs bytes
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Initializes a set of UTF-8 characters to be ignored when reading words from stdin or a file.
Example: The argument '\u0d\ue282ac,' means: ignore all commas, Euro signs and carriage return
characters when reading from stdin or a file.
As shown above \u and \U sequences can be used in the bytes set.
-T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode [delim]
(Allowed in the following contexts: "Main", "Columns", "Lines", and "Tabulations", switches to the
"Tagging" context.)
Allows multiple selections and switches to tag mode. In this mode, several selectable words can
be selected without leaving the program.
Tagged words are highlighted (underlined by default).
The current word can be automatically tagged when the ENTER key is pressed to complete the
selection process if the -p|-at|-auto_tag option is also set or if no word has been tagged.
Note that nothing is selected when no word is tagged and when the -0|-noat|-no_auto_tag option is
also set.
All tagged words (and possibly the world under the cursor) will be sent to the standard output
separated by the optional argument given after the option -T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode.
Note that the delim argument can contain more than one character, can contain UTF-8 characters (in
native or \u or \U form) and can even contain control character as in $'\n'.
A single space character is used as the default separator if none is given.
Caution: To get exactly the same behavior as in version 0.9.11 and earlier, you must also use the
-p|-at|-auto_tag option.
-P|-pm|-pin|-pin_mode [delim]
(Allowed in the following contexts: "Main", "Columns", "Lines", and "Tabulations", switches to the
"Tagging" context.)
Works like -T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode but, unlike -T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode, the output depends on the
order in which the words were tagged. In other words, the first tagged word comes first in the
output, the second tagged word comes next, and so on.
-p|-at|-auto_tag
(Allowed in the "Tagging" context.)
This option modifies the default behavior of the -T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode and -P|-pm|-pin|-pin_mode
options.
An untagged word under the cursor will be automatically tagged when ENTER is pressed.
-0|-noat|-no_auto_tag
(Allowed in the "Tagging" context.)
This option modifies the default behavior of the -T|-tm|-tag|-tag_mode and -P|-pm|-pin|-pin_mode
options.
An untagged word under the cursor will not be automatically tagged when ENTER is pressed and no
other words are tagged. This is true even when the option -p|-at|-auto_tag is also set.
It is ignored if at least one other word is tagged at that time.
-N|-number>da_ctx... [regex]
(Allowed in the following contexts: "Main", "Columns", "Lines" and "Tabulation".)
This option allows you to number selectable words that match a specific regular expression. These
numbers are numbered from 1 and allow direct access to the words.
To use this functionality, the user must enter the number which corresponds to the desired entry
digit per digit.
Each new digit must be added in a time frame of 1/2 seconds (per default) otherwise the number is
considered complete and a newly entered digit will start a new number. If the number does not
exists, then the cursor is restored to it's initial position.
The sub-options of the -D|-data|-options option described below can change the way -N|-number sets
and formats the numbers.
This option accepts more than one argument and can be used multiple times with cumulative effects.
-N|-number, -U|-unnumber and -F|-en|-embedded_number can be mixed.
-U|-unnumber>da_ctx... [regex]
(Allowed in the following contexts: "Main", "Columns", "Lines" and "Tabulation".)
This option allows one to unnumber words. If placed after a previous -N|-number, it can be used
to remove the numbering of selected words. If placed before, the word which doesn't match its
regular expression will be numbered by default.
This mechanism is similar to to the inclusion/exclusion of words by -i|-in|-inc|-incl|-include and
-e|-ex|-exc|-excl|-exclude.
This option accepts more than one argument and can be used multiple times with cumulative effects.
-U|-unnumber, -N|-number and -F|-en|-embedded_number can be mixed.
-F|-en|-embedded_number
(Allowed in the following contexts: "Main", "Columns", "Lines" and "Tabulation".)
This option is similar to -N|-number but does not generate a continuous flow of numbers but
extracts them from the word itself.
With this option you can take full control of the numbering of the displayed word. Note that the
numbering does not need to be ordered.
The resulting word after the extraction of the number must be non empty.
Some sub-option are required, see the -D|-data|-options option described below.
Notice that for this option to work correctly, all the embedded numbers must have the same number
of digits. To get that, a preprocessing may be necessary on the words before using this program.
-F|-en|-embedded_number, -N|-number and -U|-unnumber can be mixed.
-D|-data|-options [parameter...]
(Allowed in the Following contexts: "Main", "Columns", "Lines" and "Tabulations".)
This option allows one to change the default behavior of the -N|-number, -U|-unnumber and
-F|-en|-embedded_number options.
Its optional parameters are called sub-options and must respect the format x:y where x can be:
l (-F|-en|-embedded_number, -N|-number and -U|-unnumber options)
Here y is the UTF-8 character (in native or \u or \U form) to print before the number. The
default is a single space.
Example:
echo test | smenu -N -D l:\(
Will display: '(1) test'
r (-F|-en|-embedded_number, -N|-number and -U|-unnumber options)
Here y is the UTF-8 character (in native or \u or \U form) to print after the number. The
default is ).
Example:
echo test | smenu -N -D r:\>
Will display: ' 1> test'
a (-F|-en|-embedded_number, -N|-number and -U|-unnumber options)
Here y is 'left' (or one of its prefixes) if the number must be left aligned, or 'right'
(or one of its prefixes) if it must be right aligned. The default is right.
Example:
echo test | smenu -N -D a:right w:3
Will display: ' 1) test'
echo test | smenu -N -D a:left w:3
Will display: ' 1 ) test'
p (-F|-en|-embedded_number, -N|-number and -U|-unnumber options)
Here y is 'included' or 'all' for the initial padding of the non numbered words. The
keyword 'included' means that only included word will be padded while 'all' means pad all
words.
This sub-option may improve compactness when there is a lot of non-selectable words.
The default is all. These keywords can be abbreviated.
WARNING: in column/line/tab mode this sub-option is ignored and non numbered words are
always padded.
Example:
echo a b c | smenu -eb -N -D l:\( p:a
Will display: (1) a b (2) c
echo a b c | smenu -eb -N -D l:\( p:i
Will display: (1) a b (2) c
w (-F|-en|-embedded_number, -N|-number and -U|-unnumber options)
Here y is the width of the number between 1 and 5 included.
For an example, refer to the sub-option a above.
f (-F|-en|-embedded_number, -N|-number and -U|-unnumber options)
Here y controls if the numbering must follow the last extracted number (defaults to yes) or
if it must remain independent.
The possible values are yes and no but can be abbreviated.
Example:
echo 2a b c | smenu -F -D l:\( f:n n:1 -N
Will display: (2) a (1) b (2) c
echo 2a b c | smenu -F -D l:\( f:y n:1 -N
Will display: (2) a (3) b (4) c
m (-F|-en|-embedded_number option)
Here y controls if the numbering of word with missing embedded numbers must be done or not
(defaults to yes).
When this sub-option is set to no, the s and f sub-options are ignored.
The possible values are yes and no but can be abbreviated. Example:
echo 2a b c | smenu -F -D l:\( n:1 m:n -N
Will display: (2) a b c
echo 2a b c | smenu -F -D l:\( n:1 m:y -N
Will display: (2) a (3) b (4) c
h (-F|-en|-embedded_number option)
Tells what to do with the characters present before the embedded number if any.
The allowed directives are: 'trim' which discards them if they form an empty word (only
made of spaces and tabulations), 'cut' which unconditionally discards them and 'keep' which
places them at the beginning of the resulting word.
The default value for this directive is 'keep', these keywords can be abbreviated.
Example:
echo \" 2x\" | smenu -F -D l:\( o:1 n:1
Will display:
(2) x
^^
Selection cursor
echo \" 2x\" | smenu -F -D l:\( o:1 n:1 h:t
Will display:
(2) x
^
Selection cursor
echo \"x2y\" | smenu -F -D l:\( o:1 n:1 h:c
Will display:
(2) y
o (-F|-en|-embedded_number option)
Here y is the offset of the first multibyte character of the number to extract from the
word (defaults to 0).
If this offset if immediately followed by the character '+', then the parser will look for
the first number (if any) after the given offset instead of using its absolute value to
extract the number.
Note that when the '+' is used, it is necessary that the length of all the numbers to
extract have the same size as the algorithm looks for a digit to identify the beginning of
the number to extract. Hence, for example, 1 should appear as 01 in the input is n is set
to 2.
Example:
echo x2y xx3y | smenu -F -D l:\( o:1+ n:1
will display:
(2) xy (3) xxy
echo x2y xx3y | smenu -F -D l:\( o:1 n:1
will display (note the absence of the '+' character):
(2) xy xx3y
n (-F|-en|-embedded_number option)
Here y is the number of multibyte characters to extract from the word starting at the
offset given by the o sub-option.
Example: n:2 will extract and use the first 2 digits of each words from the input stream to
number them.
i (-F|-en|-embedded_number option)
Here y is number of multibyte characters to ignore after the extracted number
d (-F|-en|-embedded_number, -N|-number and -U|-unnumber options)
Here y is a multibyte separator. When present, this directive instructs smenu to output
the selected numbered word(s) prefixed by its(their) direct access number(s) and the given
separator.
Only the numbered word(s) will be prefixed.
d stands for decorate.
This directive can be useful when you want to post-process the output according to its
direct access number.
Example:
R=$(echo a b c | smenu -N -D d:-)
will display:
1) a 2) b 3) c
The variable R will then contain the string 2-b if b is selected.
s (-F|-en|-embedded_number, -N|-number and -U|-unnumber options)
Here y is the direct access number that will be set for the first numbered word. Its value
is 1 by default, a value of 0 is possible.
Example:
echo a b c | smenu -N -D s:1000
will display:
1000) a 1001) b 1002) c
To number all words with the default parameters, use the syntax: "-N" which is a shortcut for: "-N
-D l:' ' r:')' a:r p:a"
When the w sub-option is not given, the width of the numbers is determined automatically but if
-F|-en|-embedded_number is set and the value of the n sub-option is given then this value is used.
-b|-blank
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Replaces all non-printable characters by a blank. If this results in a blank word, it will be
potentially deleted.
-.|-dot|-invalid
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Sets the substitution character for non-printable characters. When this parameter is not used,
the default substitution character is a single dot.
-M|-middle|-center
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Centers the display if possible.
-d|-restore|-delete|-clean|-delete_window|-clean_window
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Tells the program to clean up the display before quitting by removing the selection window after
use as if it was never displayed.
-c|-col|-col_mode|-column
(Allowed in the "Main" and "Tagging" contexts, switches to the "Columns" context.)
Sets the column mode. In this mode the lines of words do not wrap when the right border of the
terminal is reached but only when a special character is read. Some words will not be displayed
without an horizontal scrolling.
If such a scrolling is needed, some indications may appear on the left and right edge of the
window to help the user to reach the unseen words.
In this mode, the width of each column is minimal to keep the maximum information visible on the
terminal.
-l|-line|-line_mode
(Allowed in the "Main" and "Tagging" contexts, switches to the "Lines" context.)
Sets the line mode. This mode is the same as column mode but without any column alignment.
-t|-tab|-tab_mode|-tabulate_mode [cols]
(Allowed in the "Main" and "Tagging" contexts, switches to the "Tabulations" context.)
This option sets the tabulation mode and, if a number is specified, attempts to set the number of
displayed columns to that number.
In this mode, embedded line separators are ignored if not explicitly set with -L|-ls|-ld|-line-
delimiters|-line_separators. The options -A|-fc|-first_column and -Z|-lc|-last_column can
nevertheless be used to force words to appear in the first (respectively last) position of the
displayed line.
Note that the number of requested columns will be automatically reduced if a word does not fit in
the calculated column size.
In this mode each column has the same width.
-w|-wide|-wide_mode
(Allowed in the "Columns" and "Tabulations" contexts.)
When -t|-tab|-tab_mode|-tabulate_mode is followed by a number of columns, the default is to
compact the columns so that they use the less terminal width as possible. This option enlarges
the columns in order to use the whole terminal width.
When in column mode, -w|-wide|-wide_mode can be used to force all the columns to have the same
size (the largest one). See option -c|-col|-col_mode|-column below.
Note that the column's size is only calculated once when the words are displayed for the first
time. A terminal resize will not update this value. This choice enables a faster display.
-C|-cs|-cols|-cols_select... [i|I|e|E|l|L|r|R|c|C|a|A][selectors]...
(Allowed in the "Columns" context.)
In column mode, this option is useful for performing specific actions on a set of columns.
These actions varies according to the directive given:
- You can include (directive i or I) or exclude (e or E) a set of selectable columns.
- You can specified the kind of alignment (left, right or center) of the set of columns with the
directives l, L, r, R, c or C.
- You can also specified the attributes (colors...) of the set of columns with the directives a or
A.
When the directive is missing, the "include" directive is assumed (i).
Note that it is best to use the lower case version of these directives, as their upper case
alternative may have other meanings in the future.
In selectors, columns can be designated by their number (starting with 1) or by regular
expressions surrounded by delimiters consisting of any printable ASCII character, except spaces
and unprotected commas; commas can be protected by backslashes ('\').
Column ranges are defined by separating their numbers with a dash. Open interval to the left or
right are allowed, so these interval descriptions may be preceded or followed by a dash (e.g. 5-7,
-2 or 8- are allowed).
WARNING: ranges of regular expressions are not yest supported.
When using the a|A directive, an attribute must be appended prefixed by a colon (':') as in -C
a1-2:6+b per example. Refer to the attribute option (-a|-attr|-attributes) for more details.
Multiple selectors can be regrouped in one argument using commas to separate them.
This option also accepts multiple arguments, each of them being a selector.
A selection by regular expressions means that a column containing a word matching any of these
expressions will be included or excluded depending on the letter given after the option or before
the selector if there is more than one argument.
Regular expressions and column numbers can be freely mixed.
This option also sets the default alignment of column contents when no arguments are provided.
For example: -Cr -Cl1 sets the default alignment to the right and the alignment of the contents of
column 1 to the left. At the beginning, no default alignment of the column contents is set.
Regular expression in -C|-cs|-cols|-cols_select and -R|-rs|-rows|-rows_select can contain UTF-8
characters either directly or by using the \u or \U notation.
Example of columns selection: -Ci2,3,/X./,5-7 forces the cursor to only navigate in columns
2,3,5,6 and 7 and those containing a two characters word starting with 'X'. If e was used in
place of i, all the columns would have been selected except the columns 2,3,5,6,7 and those
matching the extended regular expression 'X.'.
Example of defining the attributes of a column set: -C a2-6:7/4+b forces the columns from 2 to 6
to be bold and have a foreground color equal to 7 and a background color equal to 4.
Example of mixing alignment and inclusion/exclusion directives: -Ci1-5 -Ce/a+/ -Cr7,/b+/ makes
columns 1 to 5 selectable, makes columns whose content starts with "a" non selectable and aligns
the content of the column 7 to the left.
Spaces are allowed in the selection string if they are protected.
When an alignment directive is used and without any column selection, then the specified alignment
becomes the default one, E.g: -Cr sets alignment the default one to the right.
Other example where multiple selectors are used as multiple arguments: ps | smenu -col -cols
e/TTY/ e/CMD/ e3
Warning, if this option appears on the command line before any -R|-rs|-rows|-rows_select option,
the specified column alignments will be protected from any future row alignment directives.
Otherwise row alignment directives will take precedence. For example:
echo "a b c\\naa bb cc\\naaaa bbbb cccc" | smenu -c -g\| -C c2 -R r2
Gives:
a | b |c
aa| bb | cc <-- Col. 2 remains centered as -C was used first.
aaaa|bbbb|cccc
But echo "a b c\\naa bb cc\\naaaa bbbb cccc" | smenu -c -g\| -R r2 -C c2
Gives:
a | b |c
aa| bb| cc <-- -R takes precedence as it was used first.
aaaa|bbbb|cccc
-R|-rs|-rows|-rows_select... selectors...
(Allowed in the "Columns" and "Lines" contexts.)
Similar to -C|-cs|-cols|-cols_select but for the rows.
Warning, the directives l, L, r, R, c and C are only allowed in column mode.
-C|-cs|-cols|-cols_select and -R|-rs|-rows|-rows_select can be used more than once in a cumulative
manner:
The selection mode (selection or de-selection) is given by the first occurrence of the options,
the other occurrences will only update the selected or de-selected ranges.
Once a column or a row has been excluded, it cannot be re-included.
-al|align... regex_selectors...
(Allowed in the "Columns" context.)
This option is similar to -C|-cs|-cols|-cols_select and -R|-rs|-rows|-rows_select but allows one
to align all words matched by on of the regular expression defined in regex_selectors
This option only accepts a list of regular expressions.
E.g.: -al c/a+/,/b+/
-al|align, -C|-cs|-cols|-cols_select and -R|-rs|-rows|-rows_select can be used more than once in a
cumulative manner.
Word alignments with this option take precedence over row and column alignments.
-A|-fc|-first_column regex
(Allowed in the following contexts: "Columns", "Lines" and "Tabulations".)
In column mode, forces all words matching the given regular expression to be the first one in the
displayed line. If you want to only rely on this method to build the lines, just specify an empty
regex to set the end-of-line separator with -L|-ls|-ld|-line-delimiters|-line_separators '')
\u and \U sequences can also be used in the regexp after -A|-fc|-first_column.
-Z|-lc|-last_column regex
(Allowed in the following contexts: "Columns", "Lines" and "Tabulations".)
Similar to -A|-fc|-first_column but forces the word to be the latest of its line. The same trick
with -L|-ls|-ld|-line-delimiters|-line_separators can also be used.
\u and \U sequences can also be used in the regexp after -Z|-lc|-last_column.
-g|-gutter [string]
(Allowed in the "Columns" and "Tabulations" contexts.)
Replaces the blank after each words in column or tabular mode by a column separator.
This separator is extracted from the string argument and each of its (multibyte) character is used
one after the other to fill the gutter.
If there are more columns that gutter characters then the last character is used for the remaining
columns.
When not given, the separator defaults to a vertical bar | (or a full height vertical bar if the
locale is set to UTF-8).
Each character can be given in normal or \u or \U form in the string argument.
Example: "|- " will allow one to separate the first two columns with '|', then '-' will be used
and ' ' will separate the remaining columns if any.
-k|-ks|-keep_spaces
(Allowed in all contexts.)
By default, the spaces surrounding the output string will be deleted. This option forces them to
be retained.
-W|-ws|-wd|-word_delimiters|-word_separators bytes
(Allowed in all contexts.)
This option can be used to specify the characters (or multibyte sequences) which will be used to
delimit the input words.
Each character or multibyte sequence in the given argument will be understood as a word delimiter.
Multibyte sequences (UTF-8) can be natives of using the same ASCII representation used in words (a
leading \u or \U following by up to 8 hexadecimal characters for the former and 6 hexadecimal
characters for the latter).
Non-printable characters in arguments should be given using the standard $'' representation.
$'\t' stands for the tabulation character for example.
The default delimiters are: SPACE, $'\t' and $'\n'.
-L|-ls|-ld|-line-delimiters|-line_separators bytes
(Allowed in all contexts.)
This option can be used to specify the characters (or multibyte sequences) which will be used to
delimit the lines in the input stream.
Each character or multibyte sequence in the given argument will be understood as a line delimiter.
Multibyte sequences (UTF-8) can be natives of using the same ASCII representation used in words (a
leading \u or \U following by up to 8 hexadecimal characters for the former and 6 hexadecimal
characters for the latter).
Non-printable characters in arguments should be given using the standard $'' representation.
$'\n' stands for the newline character for example.
The default delimiter is: $'\n'.
This option is only useful when the -c|-col|-col_mode|-column or -l option is also set.
The characters (or multibyte sequences) passed to -L|-ls|-ld|-line-delimiters|-line_separators are
automatically added to the list of word delimiters as if
-W|-ws|-wd|-word_delimiters|-word_separators was also used.
\u and \U sequences can also be used here.
-q|-no_bar|-no_scroll_bar
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Prevents the display of the lateral scroll bar. This also prevents the display of the horizontal
scroll bar.
-no_hbar|-no_hor_scroll_bar
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Prevents the display of the horizontal scroll bar.
-S|-subst... /regex/repl/[g][v][s]
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Post-processes the words by applying a regular expression based substitution. The argument must
be formatted as in the sed editor.
As in sed, matching groups and references to these groups (from \0 to \9 in repl) are supported.
These groups must be surrounded by ( and ) in regex. \0 and & are equivalent in repl as in the
GNU version of sed.
Back reference example:
R=$(echo "[A] [B] [C]" | ./smenu -S '/([^][]+)/:\1:/')
will display "[:A:] [:B:] [:C:]"
This option can be used more than once. Each substitution will be applied in sequence on each
word. This sequence can be stopped if a stop flag is encountered.
flags:
• The optional trailing g (for global) means that all matching occurrences shall be replaced and
not only the first one.
• The optional trailing v (for visual) means that the altered words will only be used for display
and search. The modifications will not be reflected in the returned word.
• The optional trailing s (for stop) means that no more substitution will be allowed on this word
even if another -S|-subst is used.
• The optional trailing i (for ignore case) means that the string search operation should ignore
the case for this pattern.
Small examples to explain the meaning of v:
R=$(echo a b c | smenu -S /b/B/)
will display "a B c" and R will contain B when B is selected meanwhile
R=$(echo a b c | smenu -S /b/B/v)
will display the same as above but R will contain the original word b when B is selected.
In both cases, only the word B will be searchable and not b.
-I|-si|-subst_included... /regex/repl/[g][v][s]
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Post-processes the selectable words by applying a regular expression based substitution (see
-S|-subst for details).
-E|-se|-subst_excluded... /regex/repl/[g][v][s]
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Post-processes the excluded (or non-selectable) words by applying a regular expression based
substitution (see -S|-subst for details).
The / separator that -I|-si|-subst_included and -E|-se|-subst_excluded are using above can be
substituted by any other character except SPACE, \t, \f, \n, \r and \v.
In the three previous options, regex is a POSIX Extended Regular Expression. For details, please
refer to the regex(7) manual page.
Additionally \u and \U sequences can also be used in the regexp.
If a post-processing action (-S|-subst, -I|-si|-subst_included, -E|-se|-subst_excluded) results in an
empty (length = 0) word, then we have two cases:
in column mode:
Substitutions involving empty words can lead to misalignments, so it is necessary to
prohibit them and terminate the program. These substitutions have to be made with other
tools before using this utility.
otherwise:
The word is simply removed.
-ES|-subst... /regex/repl/[g][v][s]
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Pre-processes words by applying a substitution based on a regular expression. The argument must
be formatted as in the sed editor.
The substitutions are made, as the name of the option indicates, before any other selection or
coloring actions are made.
This option can be used more than once. Each substitution will be applied in sequence on each
word. This sequence can be stopped if a stop flag is encountered.
In summary, this option is similar to the -S|-subst option previously described, except that the
substitutions are made earlier and certain flags like visual are ignored.
Note that this option can be used in conjunction with the other substitution options mentioned
above.
-/|-search_method search_method
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Affects the '/' key to a search method. By default '/' is affected to 'fuzzy' but the argument
can be any prefix of 'prefix', 'substring' or 'fuzzy'.
-s|-sp|-start|-start_pattern pattern
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Place the cursor on the first word corresponding to the specified pattern.
Note that although only the first matching word is highlighted, all matching words (if any) can
be accessed using n/s/SPACE and N/S keys as if they were the result of one of the search actions.
These matching words can also be tagged at once if the tagging/pinning function is activated. See
the "Tagging" section for more information.
ESC can be used to disable navigation among matching words.
pattern can be:
• A # immediately followed by a number giving the initial position of the cursor (counting from
0).
If the word at this position is excluded, then the first previous non excluded word is selected
if it exists, otherwise the first non excluded word is selected.
If this number if greater than the number of words, the cursor will be placed on the latest
selectable position.
• A single # or the string #last to set the initial cursor position on the latest selectable word
position.
• A string starting with a / indicating that we want the cursor to be placed on the first word
matching the given regular expression.
• A string starting with a = indicating than we want the cursor to be placed on that exact word.
• A normal string. In this case the cursor will be placed on the first word starting with that
string (Ca will match Cancel by example).
Warning, when searching for a prefix or a regular expression, smenu only looks for them after an
eventual modification, so for example, the command: smenu -I/c/x/ -s/c <<< "a b c d" won't find c
and put the cursor on a but smenu -I/c/x/v -s/c <<< "a b c d" will find it and put the cursor on
the x substituting the c on screen only
\u and \U sequences can be used in the pattern.
-x|-tmout|-timeout type [word] delay
-X|-htmout|-hidden_timeout type [word] delay
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Sets a timeout. Three types of timeout are possible:
current: At the timeout, the word under the cursor and/or the tagged words are sent to the
standard output if the ENTER key has been pressed
quit: At the timeout, nothing is selected as if the q key has been pressed
word: At the timeout, the word given after the type is selected. Note that this word doesn't
need to be part of the words coming from the standard input.
Each type can be be shortened as a prefix of its full name ("cur" for "current" of "q" for "quit"
per example).
The delay must be set in seconds and cannot be greater than 99999 seconds.
The remaining time (in seconds) is added at the end of the message displayed above the selection
window and is updated in real time each second.
Any key except ENTER, q, Q and CTRL C resets the timer to its initial value.
The -X|-htmout|-hidden_timeout version works like -x|-tmout|-timeout but no periodic remaining
messages is displayed above the selection window.
-r|-auto_validate
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Enables ENTER to validate the selection even in search mode.
-is|-incremental_search
(Allowed in all contexts.)
By default, when a new search session is initiated, the current search buffer is reset. When this
parameter is set, the next search will start where the last search ended, except if ESC was hit
before.
This option instructs not to clean the previous search buffer each time a new search session is
started.
-v|-vb|-visual_bell
(Allowed in all contexts.)
By default, when searching, an alarm is produced by the terminal when the user enters a character
or makes a move which lead to no result or to an error condition. This argument make this beep
visual by briefly showing the cursor.
-Q|-ignore_quotes
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Using this option will remove the word grouping feature from single and double quotes which will
be considered normal characters. For example: "a b" will be considered by smenu as two words "a
and b" and no more as a single word: a b.
-lim|-limits limit:value...
(Allowed in all contexts.)
This option gives the possibility to modify the default maximum number of words or columns and the
maximum permitted word length.
The specified values overload the default settings and/or the settings given in the configuration
files.
In order to do that, three sub-options can be used:
l:value
to set the maximum word length allowed.
w:value
to set the maximum number of words allowed.
c:value
to set the maximum number of columns allowed.
Several sub-options, separated by spaces, can be given after this option.
-f|-forgotten_timeout|-global_timeout timeout
(Allowed in all contexts.)
This option defines a global timeout in seconds. The program will end without error after this
period of inactivity.
This timer is reset to its initial value each time a key is pressed.
Its default value is "unlimited", but it can be changed by assigning a number (in tenths of
seconds) to the "forgotten" entry in the [timers] section of the optional configuration file. See
the example in the configuration sub-section.
A timeout value equals to 0 explicitly disables this timer.
-nm|-no_mouse
(Allowed in all contexts.)
This option allows you to disable the mouse even if smenu can use it.
-br|-buttons|-button_remapping new_button_1 new_button_3
(Allowed in all contexts.)
This option allows one to remap the mouse buttons. The buttons are numbered from 1 to 3 but as
smenu only uses buttons 1 and 3, only two arguments are required.
By example, the syntax -br 3 1 will reverse the first (left) and third (right?) buttons.
The default mapping is 1 3.
-dc|-dcd|-double_click|-double_click_delay delay_in_ms
(Allowed in all contexts.)
This option allows one to set the double-click delay in the range of 100 ms (1/10 second) to 500
ms (1/2 second). The default delay of 150 ms (1/6.66 second) will be used if the given value is
out of range or invalid.
The double-click capability can also be disabled by setting delay_in_ms to 0.
This setting is also configurable in a configuration file, see the [mouse] section in the example
in the configuration sub-section.
-sb|-sbw|-show_blank_words [blank_char]
(Allowed in all contexts.)
Normally, blank words (words containing only space:.!fmt s) are only kept in column mode. When
this option is present, these words are converted into a sequence of blank_char (or underscore if
the optional parameter is absent) so that they are visible and not ignored when not in column
mode.
blank_char must be printable but not a space nor a multibyte character.
Note: These blank words remain blank even if they are now made visible. They can still be excluded
using -e ' ' or -e '[ ]' per example.
NOTES
If tabulators (\t) are embedded in the input, there is no way to replace them with the original number of
spaces. In this case use another filter (like expand) to pre-process the data.
EXAMPLES
1
Simple Yes/No/Cancel request with "No" as default choice:
In bash:
read R <<< $(echo "Yes No Cancel" \
| smenu -d -m "Please choose:" -s /N)
or
R=$(echo "Yes No Cancel" \
| smenu -d -m "Please choose:" -s /N)
In ksh:
print "Yes No Cancel" \
| smenu -d -m "Please choose:" -s /N \
| read R
2
Get a 3 columns report about VM statistics for the current process in bash/ksh on Linux:
R=$(grep Vm /proc/$$/status | expand | smenu -b -W$'\n' -t3 -g -d)
3
Create a one column selection window containing the list of the first 20 LVM physical volumes. At the
end, the selection window will be erased. This example is written in ksh).
pvs -a -o pv_name --noheadings \
| smenu -m "PV list" -n20 -t1 -d -s //dev/root \
| read R
The display will have a look similar to the following with the cursor set on the word /dev/root:
PV list
/dev/md126 \
/dev/md127 |
/dev/root | <- cursor here.
/dev/sda2 |
/dev/sdb2 |
/dev/sdc1 |
/dev/sdc2 |
/dev/system/homevol /
4 (advanced)
Imagine a file named sample.mnu with the following content:
--8<---------------------------------
"1 First Entry" "3 Third entry"
"2 Second entry" "4 Fourth entry"
@@@ "5 Fifth entry"
@@@
"0 Exit menu"
--8<---------------------------------
Then this quite esoteric command will render it (centered on the screen) as:
+----------------------------------+
| Test menu |
| |
| 1) First Entry 3) Third entry |
| 2) Second entry 4) Fourth entry |
| 5) Fifth entry |
| |
| 0) Exit menu |
+----------------------------------+
with the cursor on Quit and only the numbers and "Quit" selectable.
R=$(smenu -q -d -s/Exit -M -n 30 -c \
-e "@+" -E '/@+/ /' \
-F -D n:1 i:1 \
-m "Test menu" < sample.mnu)
The selected entry will be available in R
Try to understand it as an exercise.
ENVIRONMENT
NO_COLOR force a monochrome terminal when set.
CTXOPT_DEBUG put the option parser in debug mode.
BUGS/LIMITATIONS
Some terminal emulators, those notably based on VTE version later than 0.35 (see
https://github.com/GNOME/vte/commit/01380d), have a new feature that gives them the possibility to
wrap/unwrap already displayed lines when resizing the window.
As far as I known, there is no terminfo entry to disable that.
On these types of terminals, the automatic re-display of the output of smenu will be disturbed and some
artifacts may appear on the screen if the terminal window is resized.
AUTHORS
© 2015-present, Pierre Gentile (p.gen.progs@gmail.com)
smenu(1)