NAME

       ppm - portable pixmap file format

DESCRIPTION

       The portable pixmap format is a lowest common denominator color image file format.

       It should be noted that this format is egregiously inefficient.  It is highly redundant, while containing
       a  lot  of information that the human eye can't even discern.  Furthermore, the format allows very little
       information about the image besides basic color, which means you may have to couple a file in this format
       with other independent information to get any decent use out of it.  However, it is very  easy  to  write
       and analyze programs to process this format, and that is the point.

       It  should  also  be  noted  that  files often conform to this format in every respect except the precise
       semantics of the sample values.  These files are useful because of the way PPM is used as an intermediary
       format.  They are informally called PPM files, but to be absolutely  precise,  you  should  indicate  the
       variation  from  true  PPM.   For example, "PPM using the red, green, and blue colors that the scanner in
       question uses."

       The format definition is as follows.

       A PPM file consists of a sequence of one or more PPM images. There are no data,  delimiters,  or  padding
       before, after, or between images.

       Each PPM image consists of the following:

       - A "magic number" for identifying the file type.  A ppm image's magic number is the two characters "P6".

       - Whitespace (blanks, TABs, CRs, LFs).

       - A width, formatted as ASCII characters in decimal.

       - Whitespace.

       - A height, again in ASCII decimal.

       - Whitespace.

       - The maximum color value (Maxval), again in ASCII decimal.  Must be less than 65536.

       - Newline or other single whitespace character.

       - A  raster of Width * Height pixels, proceeding through the image in normal English reading order.  Each
         pixel is a triplet of red, green, and blue samples, in that order.  Each sample is represented in  pure
         binary  by  either  1  or  2  bytes.  If the Maxval is less than 256, it is 1 byte.  Otherwise, it is 2
         bytes.  The most significant byte is first.

       - In the raster, the sample values are "nonlinear."  They are proportional to the intensity  of  the  CIE
         Rec.  709  red,  green,  and  blue  in the pixel, adjusted by the CIE Rec. 709 gamma transfer function.
         (That transfer function  specifies  a  gamma  number  of  2.2  and  has  a  linear  section  for  small
         intensities).   A  value  of Maxval for all three samples represents CIE D65 white and the most intense
         color in the color universe of which the image is part (the color universe is all  the  colors  in  all
         images to which this image might be compared).

       - Note  that  a  common  variation  on  the  PPM format is to have the sample values be "linear," i.e. as
         specified above except without the gamma adjustment.  pnmgamma takes such a PPM variant  as  input  and
         produces a true PPM as output.

       - Characters from a "#" to the next end-of-line, before the maxval line, are comments and are ignored.

       Note  that you can use pnmdepth to convert between a the format with 1 byte per sample and the one with 2
       bytes per sample.

       There is actually another version of the PPM format that is fairly rare: "plain" PPM format.  The  format
       above,  which generally considered the normal one, is known as the "raw" PPM format.  See pbm(5) for some
       commentary on how plain and raw formats relate to one another.

       The difference in the plain format is:

       - There is exactly one image in a file.

       - The magic number is P3 instead of P6.

       - Each sample in the raster is represented as an ASCII decimal number (of arbitrary size).

       - Each sample in the raster has white space before and after it.  There must be at least one character of
         white space between any two samples, but there is no maximum.  There is no particular separation of one
         pixel from another -- just the required separation between the blue sample of one pixel  from  the  red
         sample of the next pixel.

       - No line should be longer than 70 characters.

       Here is an example of a small pixmap in this format:
       P3
       # feep.ppm
       4 4
       15
        0  0  0    0  0  0    0  0  0   15  0 15
        0  0  0    0 15  7    0  0  0    0  0  0
        0  0  0    0  0  0    0 15  7    0  0  0
       15  0 15    0  0  0    0  0  0    0  0  0

       Programs  that  read this format should be as lenient as possible, accepting anything that looks remotely
       like a pixmap.

COMPATIBILITY

       Before April 2000, a raw format PPM file could not have a maxval greater than 255.  Hence, it  could  not
       have more than one byte per sample.  Old programs may depend on this.

       Before July 2000, there could be at most one image in a PPM file.  As a result, most tools to process PPM
       files ignore (and don't read) any data after the first image.

SEE ALSO

       giftopnm(1),   gouldtoppm(1),   ilbmtoppm(1),   imgtoppm(1),   mtvtoppm(1),   pcxtoppm(1),   pgmtoppm(1),
       pi1toppm(1), picttoppm(1), pjtoppm(1), qrttoppm(1), rawtoppm(1), rgb3toppm(1), sldtoppm(1),  spctoppm(1),
       sputoppm(1),  tgatoppm(1), ximtoppm(1), xpmtoppm(1), yuvtoppm(1), ppmtoacad(1), ppmtogif(1), ppmtoicr(1),
       ppmtoilbm(1),   ppmtopcx(1),   ppmtopgm(1),   ppmtopi1(1),   ppmtopict(1),   ppmtopj(1),    ppmtopuzz(1),
       ppmtorgb3(1),   ppmtosixel(1),   ppmtotga(1),   ppmtouil(1),   ppmtoxpm(1),   ppmtoyuv(1),  ppmdither(1),
       ppmforge(1),  ppmhist(1),  ppmmake(1),  ppmpat(1),  ppmquant(1),  ppmquantall(1),  ppmrelief(1),  pnm(5),
       pgm(5), pbm(5)

AUTHOR

       Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 by Jef Poskanzer.

                                                  08 April 2000                                           ppm(5)