Provided by: trafficserver_9.2.5+ds-1ubuntu2_amd64 
NAME
sni.yaml - Traffic Server sni rules configuration file
DESCRIPTION
This file is used to configure aspects of TLS connection handling for both inbound and outbound
connections. With the exception of host_sni_policy (see the description below), the configuration is
driven by the SNI values provided by the inbound connection. The file consists of a set of configuration
items, each identified by an SNI value (fqdn). When an inbound TLS connection is made, the SNI value
from the TLS negotiation is matched against the items specified by this file and if there is a match, the
values specified in that item override the defaults. This is done during the inbound connection
processing; some outbound properties can be overridden again later, such as via remap.config or plugins.
By default this is named sni.yaml. The filename can be changed by setting
proxy.config.ssl.servername.filename. This file is loaded on start up and by traffic_ctl config reload if
the file has been modified since process start.
The configuration file is YAML-based. After parsing the configuration, a list of tables will be the
result. Each table is a set of key / value pairs that create a configuration item. This configuration
file accepts wildcard entries. To apply an SNI based setting on all the server names with a common upper
level domain name, the user needs to enter the fqdn in the configuration with a *. followed by the common
domain name. (*.yahoo.com for example).
For some settings, there is no guarantee that they will be applied to a connection under certain
conditions. An established TLS connection may be reused for another server name if it’s used for HTTP/2.
This also means that settings for server name A may affects requests for server name B as well. See ‐
https://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2016/08/18/http2-connection-coalescing/ for a more detailed description of
HTTP/2 connection coalescing.
┌────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Key │ Direction │ Meaning │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ fqdn │ Both │ Fully Qualified Domain Name. │
│ │ │ This item is used if the SNI │
│ │ │ value matches this. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ ip_allow │ Inbound │ Specify a list of client IP │
│ │ │ address, subnets, or ranges │
│ │ │ what are allowed to complete │
│ │ │ the connection. This list is │
│ │ │ comma separated. IPv4 and │
│ │ │ IPv6 addresses can be │
│ │ │ specified. Here is an │
│ │ │ example list: │
│ │ │ 192.168.1.0/24,192.168.10.1-4. │
│ │ │ This would allow connections │
│ │ │ from clients in the │
│ │ │ 19.168.1.0 network or in the │
│ │ │ range from 192.168.10.1 to │
│ │ │ 192.168.1.4. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ verify_server_policy │ Outbound │ One of the values DISABLED, │
│ │ │ PERMISSIVE, or ENFORCED. │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ By default this is │
│ │ │ proxy.config.ssl.client.verify.server.policy. │
│ │ │ This controls how Traffic │
│ │ │ Server evaluated the origin │
│ │ │ certificate. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ verify_server_properties │ Outbound │ One of the values NONE, SIGNATURE, NAME, and │
│ │ │ ALL │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ By default this is │
│ │ │ proxy.config.ssl.client.verify.server.properties. │
│ │ │ This controls what Traffic Server checks when │
│ │ │ evaluating the origin certificate. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ verify_client │ Outbound │ One of the values NONE, MODERATE, or STRICT. If │
│ │ │ NONE is specified, Traffic Server requests no │
│ │ │ certificate. If MODERATE is specified Traffic │
│ │ │ Server will verify a certificate that is │
│ │ │ presented by the client, but it will not fail the │
│ │ │ TLS handshake if no certificate is presented. If │
│ │ │ STRICT is specified the client must present a │
│ │ │ certificate during the TLS handshake. │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ By default this is │
│ │ │ proxy.config.ssl.client.certification_level. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ verify_client_ca_certs │ Both │ Specifies an alternate set of certificate │
│ │ │ authority certs to use to verify the client cert. │
│ │ │ The value must be either a file path, or a nested │
│ │ │ set of key / value pairs. If the value is a file │
│ │ │ path, it must specify a file containing the CA │
│ │ │ certs. Otherwise, there should be up to two │
│ │ │ nested pairs. The possible keys are file and │
│ │ │ dir. The value for file must be a file path for │
│ │ │ a file containing CA certs. The value for dir │
│ │ │ must be a file path for an OpenSSL X509 hashed │
│ │ │ directory containing CA certs. If a given file │
│ │ │ path does not being with / , it must be relative │
│ │ │ to the Traffic Server configuration directory. │
│ │ │ verify_client_ca_certs can only be used with │
│ │ │ capbilities provided by OpenSSL 1.0.2 or later. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ host_sni_policy │ Inbound │ One of the values DISABLED, PERMISSIVE, or │
│ │ │ ENFORCED. │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ If not specified, the value of │
│ │ │ proxy.config.http.host_sni_policy is used. This │
│ │ │ controls how policy impacting mismatches between │
│ │ │ host header and SNI values are dealt with. For │
│ │ │ details about hos this configuration behaves, see │
│ │ │ the corresponding │
│ │ │ proxy.config.http.host_sni_policy records.config │
│ │ │ documentation. │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ Note that this particular configuration will be │
│ │ │ inspected at the time the HTTP Host header field │
│ │ │ is processed. Further, this policy check will be │
│ │ │ keyed off of the Host header field value rather │
│ │ │ than the SNI in this sni.yaml file. This is done │
│ │ │ because the Host header field is ultimately the │
│ │ │ resource that will be retrieved from the origin │
│ │ │ and the administrator will intend to guard this │
│ │ │ resource rather than the SNI, which a malicious │
│ │ │ user may alter to some other server value whose │
│ │ │ policies are more lenient than the host he is │
│ │ │ trying to access. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ valid_tls_versions_in │ Inbound │ This specifies the list of TLS protocols that │
│ │ │ will be offered to user agents during the TLS │
│ │ │ negotiation. This replaces the global settings │
│ │ │ in proxy.config.ssl.TLSv1, │
│ │ │ proxy.config.ssl.TLSv1_1, │
│ │ │ proxy.config.ssl.TLSv1_2, and │
│ │ │ proxy.config.ssl.TLSv1_3. The potential values │
│ │ │ are TLSv1, TLSv1_1, TLSv1_2, and TLSv1_3. You │
│ │ │ must list all protocols that Traffic Server │
│ │ │ should offer to the client when using this key. │
│ │ │ This key is only valid for OpenSSL 1.1.0 and │
│ │ │ later and BoringSSL. Older versions of OpenSSL do │
│ │ │ not provide a hook early enough to update the SSL │
│ │ │ object. It is a syntax error for Traffic Server │
│ │ │ built against earlier versions. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ client_cert │ Outbound │ The file containing the client certificate to use │
│ │ │ for the outbound connection. │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ If this is relative, it is relative to the path │
│ │ │ in proxy.config.ssl.client.cert.path. If not set │
│ │ │ proxy.config.ssl.client.cert.filename is used. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ client_key │ Outbound │ The file containing the client private key that │
│ │ │ corresponds to the certificate for the outbound │
│ │ │ connection. │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ If this is relative, it is relative to the path │
│ │ │ in proxy.config.ssl.client.private_key.path. If │
│ │ │ not set, Traffic Server tries to use a private │
│ │ │ key in client_cert. Otherwise, │
│ │ │ proxy.config.ssl.client.private_key.filename is │
│ │ │ used. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ client_sni_policy │ Outbound │ Policy of SNI on outbound connection. │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ If not specified, the value of │
│ │ │ proxy.config.ssl.client.sni_policy is used. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ http2 │ Inbound │ Indicates whether the H2 protocol should be added │
│ │ │ to or removed from the protocol negotiation list. │
│ │ │ The valid values are on or off. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ http2_buffer_water_mark │ Inbound │ Specifies the high water mark for all HTTP/2 │
│ │ │ frames on an outoging connection. By default │
│ │ │ this is │
│ │ │ proxy.config.http2.default_buffer_water_mark. │
│ │ │ NOTE: Connection coalescing may prevent this │
│ │ │ taking effect. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ http2_max_settings_frames_per_minute │ Inbound │ Specifies how many SETTINGS frames Traffic Server │
│ │ │ receives per minute at maximum. By default this │
│ │ │ is │
│ │ │ proxy.config.http2.max_settings_frames_per_minute. │
│ │ │ NOTE: Connection coalescing may prevent this from │
│ │ │ taking effect. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ http2_max_ping_frames_per_minute │ Inbound │ Specifies how many PING frames Traffic Server │
│ │ │ receives per minute at maximum. By default this │
│ │ │ is proxy.config.http2.max_ping_frames_per_minute. │
│ │ │ NOTE: Connection coalescing may prevent this from │
│ │ │ taking effect. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ http2_max_priority_frames_per_minute │ Inbound │ Specifies how many PRIORITY frames Traffic Server │
│ │ │ receives per minute at maximum. By default this │
│ │ │ is │
│ │ │ proxy.config.http2.max_priority_frames_per_minute. │
│ │ │ NOTE: Connection coalescing may prevent this from │
│ │ │ taking effect. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ http2_max_rst_stream_frames_per_minute │ Inbound │ Specifies how many RST_STREAM frames Traffic │
│ │ │ Server receives per minute at maximum. By default │
│ │ │ this is │
│ │ │ proxy.config.http2.max_rst_stream_frames_per_minute. │
│ │ │ NOTE: Connection coalescing may prevent this from │
│ │ │ taking effect. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ disable_h2 │ Inbound │ Deprecated for the more general h2 setting. Setting │
│ │ │ disable_h2 to true is the same as setting http2 to │
│ │ │ on. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ tunnel_route │ Inbound │ Destination as an FQDN and port, separated by a │
│ │ │ colon :. Match group number can be specified by $N │
│ │ │ where N should refer to a specified group in the │
│ │ │ FQDN, tunnel_route: $1.domain. │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ This will forward all traffic to the specified │
│ │ │ destination without first terminating the incoming │
│ │ │ TLS connection. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ forward_route │ Inbound │ Destination as an FQDN and port, separated by a │
│ │ │ colon :. │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ This is similar to tunnel_route, but it terminates │
│ │ │ the TLS connection and forwards the decrypted │
│ │ │ traffic. Traffic Server will not interpret the │
│ │ │ decrypted data, so the contents do not need to be │
│ │ │ HTTP. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ partial_blind_route │ Inbound │ Destination as an FQDN and port, separated by a │
│ │ │ colon :. │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ This is similar to forward_route in that Traffic │
│ │ │ Server terminates the incoming TLS connection. In │
│ │ │ addition partial_blind_route creates a new TLS │
│ │ │ connection to the specified origin. It does not │
│ │ │ interpret the decrypted data before passing it to │
│ │ │ the origin TLS connection, so the contents do not │
│ │ │ need to be HTTP. │
├────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ tunnel_alpn │ Inbound │ List of ALPN Protocol Ids for Partial Blind Tunnel. │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ ATS negotiates application protocol with the client │
│ │ │ on behalf of the origin server. This only works │
│ │ │ with partial_blind_route. │
└────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Pre-warming TLS Tunnel
┌─────────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Key │ Meaning │
├─────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
│ tunnel_prewarm │ Override proxy.config.tunnel.prewarm │
│ │ in records.config. │
├─────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
│ tunnel_prewarm_srv │ Enable SRV record lookup on │
│ │ pre-warming. Default is false. │
├─────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
│ tunnel_prewarm_rate │ Rate of how many connections to │
│ │ pre-warm. Default is 1.0. │
├─────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
│ tunnel_prewarm_min │ Minimum number of pre-warming queue │
│ │ size (per thread). Default is 0. │
├─────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
│ tunnel_prewarm_max │ Maximum number of pre-warming queue │
│ │ size (per thread). Default is -1 │
│ │ (unlimited). │
├─────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
│ tunnel_prewarm_connect_timeout │ Timeout for TCP/TLS handshake (in │
│ │ seconds). │
├─────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┤
│ tunnel_prewarm_inactive_timeout │ Inactive timeout for connections in │
│ │ the pool (in seconds). │
└─────────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────┘
Client verification, via verify_client, corresponds to setting
proxy.config.ssl.client.certification_level for this connection as noted below.
NONE -- 0
Do not request a client certificate, ignore it if one is provided.
MODERATE - 1
Request a client certificate and do verification if one is provided. The connection is denied if
the verification of the client provided certificate fails.
STRICT - 2
Request a client certificate and require one to be provided and verified. If the verification
fails the failure is logged to diags.log and the connection is denied.
Upstream (server) verification, via verify_server_policy and verify_server_properties, is similar to
client verification except there is always an upstream certificate. This is equivalent to setting
proxy.config.ssl.client.verify.server.policy and proxy.config.ssl.client.verify.server.properties for
this connection.
verify_server_policy specifies how Traffic Server will enforce the server certificate verification.
DISABLED
Do not verify the upstream server certificate.
PERMISSIVE
Do verification of the upstream certificate but do not enforce. If the verification fails the
failure is logged in diags.log but the connection is allowed.
ENFORCED
Do verification of the upstream certificate. If verification fails, the failure is logged in
diags.log and the connection is denied.
In addition verify_server_properties specifies what Traffic Server will check when performing the
verification.
NONE Do not check anything in the standard Traffic Server verification routine. Rely entirely on the
TS_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_HOOK for evaluating the origin's certificate.
SIGNATURE
Check the signature of the origin certificate.
NAME Verify that the SNI is in the origin certificate.
ALL Verify both the signature and the SNI in the origin certificate.
If tunnel_route is specified, none of the certificate verification will be done because the TLS
negotiation will be tunneled to the upstream target, making those values irrelevant for that
configuration item. This option is explained in more detail in SNI Routing.
EXAMPLES
Disable HTTP/2 for no-http2.example.com.
sni:
- fqdn: no-http2.example.com
http2: off
Require client certificate verification for foo.com and any server name ending with .yahoo.com.
Therefore, client request for a server name ending with yahoo.com (e.g., def.yahoo.com, abc.yahoo.com
etc.) will cause Traffic Server require and verify the client certificate.
For foo.com, if the user agent sets the host header to foo.com but the SNI to some other value, Traffic
Server will warn about the mismatch but continue to process the request. Mismatches for the other
domains will cause Traffic Server to warn and return 403.
Traffic Server will allow a client certificate to be provided for example.com and if it is, Traffic
Server will require the certificate to be valid.
sni:
- fqdn: example.com
verify_client: MODERATE
- fqdn: 'foo.com'
verify_client: STRICT
host_sni_policy: PERMISSIVE
- fqdn: '*.yahoo.com'
verify_client: STRICT
Disable outbound server certificate verification for trusted.example.com and require a valid client
certificate.
sni:
- fqdn: trusted.example.com
verify_server_policy: DISABLED
verify_client: STRICT
Use FQDN captured group to match in tunnel_route.
sni:
- fqdn: '*.foo.com'
tunnel_route: '$1.myfoo'
- fqdn: '*.bar.*.com'
tunnel_route: '$2.some.$1.yahoo'
FQDN some.foo.com will match and the captured string will be replaced in the tunnel_route which will end
up being some.myfoo. Second part is using multiple groups, having bob.bar.example.com as FQDN,
tunnel_route will end up being bar.some.bob.yahoo.
SEE ALSO
SNI Routing
COPYRIGHT
2025, dev@trafficserver.apache.org
9.2 May 22, 2025 SNI.YAML(5)