Provided by: sg3-utils_1.48-2ubuntu1_amd64 
NAME
sg_vpd - fetch SCSI VPD page and/or decode its response
SYNOPSIS
sg_vpd [--all] [--enumerate] [--examine] [--force] [--help] [--hex] [--ident] [--inhex=FN] [--json[=JO]]
[--js-file=JFN] [--long] [--maxlen=LEN] [--page=PG] [--quiet] [--raw] [--sinq_inraw=RFN] [--vendor=VP]
[--verbose] [--version] [DEVICE]
DESCRIPTION
This utility, when DEVICE is given, fetches a Vital Product Data (VPD) page and decodes it or outputs it
in ASCII hexadecimal or binary. VPD pages are fetched with a SCSI INQUIRY command.
Alternatively the --inhex=FN option can be given. In this case FN is assumed to be a file name ('-' for
stdin) containing ASCII hexadecimal representing a VPD page response. If the --raw option is also given
then binary input is assumed (rather than ASCII hexadecimal).
Probably the most important page is the Device Identification VPD page (page number: 0x83). Since SPC-3,
support for this page has been flagged as mandatory. This page can be fetched by using the --ident
option.
The reference document used for interpreting VPD pages (and the INQUIRY standard response) is T10/BSR
INCITS 566 Revision 6 which is draft SPC-6 dated 22 October 2021. It can be found at https://www.t10.org
.
When no options are given, other than a DEVICE, then the "Supported VPD pages" (0x0) VPD page is fetched
and decoded.
OPTIONS
Arguments to long options are mandatory for short options as well. The options are arranged in
alphabetical order based on the long option name.
-a, --all
decode all VPD pages. When used with DEVICE the pages to be decoded are found in the "Supported
VPD pages" VPD page. Pages that cannot be decoded are displayed in hex; add the --long option to
have ASCII displayed to the right of each line of hex.
If this option is used with the --inhex=FN option then the file FN is assumed to contain 1 or more
VPD pages (in ASCII hex or binary). Decoding continues until the file is exhausted (or an error
occurs). Sanity checks are applied on each VPD page's length and the ascending order of VPD page
numbers (required by SPC-4) so bad data may be detected.
If the --page=PG option is also given then no VPD page whose page number is greater than PG (or
its numeric equivalent) is decoded.
-e, --enumerate
list the names of the known VPD pages, first the standard pages (i.e. those defined by T10), then
the vendor specific pages. Each group is sorted in abbreviation order. The DEVICE and most other
options are ignored and this utility exits after listing the VPD page names. May be used together
with --page=PG where PG is numeric. If so, it searches for the summary lines of all VPD pages
whose number matches PG. May be used with --vendor=VP to restrict output to known vendor specific
pages for vendor/product VP.
-E, --examine
scan part of all of the VPD space (page numbers 0x0 to 0xff) and output any pages found. If this
option is given once, the scan starts at page 0x80; if it is given twice, the scan starts at 0x0;
and if given three times the scan starts at 0xc0. This option takes no notice of the contents of
VPD page 0x0 which should contain a list of all supported VPD pages. Some vendors either forget to
list some standard pages or perhaps purposely don't list vendor specific pages which are in the
range 0xc0 to 0xff.
If the --page=PG option is not given then the scan finishes at page 0xff. if the --page=PG option
is given then the scan finishes at page PG. A check is made before the scan to make sure the start
page is less than or equal to the finish page; if not the start and finish page numbers are
swapped.
The sdparm utility which lists mode and VPD pages also has a --examine option will similar
functionility. Note that T10 has changed most of the pages that list supported pages (e.g. VPD,
mode and log pages; supported commands) to add the weasel words "may or may not list all ...".
-f, --force
As a sanity check, the normal action when fetching VPD pages other than page 0x0 (the "Supported
VPD pages" VPD page), is to first fetch page 0x0 and only if the requested page is one of the
supported pages, to go ahead and fetch the requested page.
When this option is given, skip checking of VPD page 0x0 before accessing the requested VPD page.
The prior check of VPD page 0x0 is known to crash certain USB devices, so use with care.
-h, --help
outputs the usage message summarizing command line options then exits. Ignores DEVICE if given.
-H, --hex
outputs the requested VPD page in ASCII hexadecimal. Can be used multiple times, see section on
the ATA information vpd page.
To generate output suitable for placing in a file that can be used by a later invocation with the
--inhex=FN option, use the '-HHHH' option (e.g. 'sg_vpd -p di -HHHH /dev/sg3 > dev_id.hex'). The
reason '-HHHH' is used is to flag that unadorned hexadecimal (without other text or address
offsets) is sent to stdout.
-i, --ident
decode the device identification (0x83) VPD page. When used once this option has the same effect
as '--page=di'. When use twice then the short form of the device identification VPD page's logical
unit designator is decoded. In the latter case this option has the same effect as '--quiet
--page=di_lu'.
-I, --inhex=FN
FN is expected to be a file name (or '-' for stdin) which contains ASCII hexadecimal or binary
representing a VPD page (or a standard INQUIRY) response. This utility will then decode that
response. It is preferable to also supply the --page=PG option, if not this utility will attempt
to guess which VPD page (or standard INQUIRY) the response is associated with. The hexadecimal
should be arranged as 1 or 2 digits representing a byte each of which is whitespace or comma
separated. Anything from and including a hash mark to the end of line is ignored. If the --raw
option is also given then FN is treated as binary.
-j[=JO], --json[=JO]
output is in JSON format instead of plain text form. Note that arguments to the short and long
form are themselves optional and if present start with "=" and no whitespace is permitted around
that "=".
See sg3_utils_json manpage or use '?' for JO to get a summary.
-J, --js-file=JFN
output is in JSON format and it is sent to a file named JFN. If that file exists then it is
truncated. By default, the JSON output is sent to stdout.
When this option is given, the --json[=JO] option is implied and need not be given. The
--json[=JO] option may still be needed to set the JO parameter to non-default values.
-l, --long
when decoding some VPD pages, give a little more output. For example the ATA Information VPD page
only shows the signature (in hex) and the IDENTIFY (PACKET) DEVICE (in hex) when this option is
given.
-m, --maxlen=LEN
where LEN is the (maximum) response length in bytes. It is placed in the cdb's "allocation length"
field. If not given (or LEN is zero) then 252 is used (apart from the ATA Information VPD page
which defaults to 572) and, if the response indicates this value is insufficient, another INQUIRY
command is sent with a larger value in the cdb's "allocation length" field. If this option is
given and LEN is greater than 0 then only one INQUIRY command is sent. Since many simple devices
implement the INQUIRY command badly (and do not support VPD pages) then the safest value to use
for LEN is 36. See the sg_inq(8) man page for the more information.
-p, --page=PG
where PG is the VPD page to be decoded or output. The PG argument can either be an abbreviation, a
number or a pair or numbers/abbreviations separated by a comma. The VPD page abbreviations can be
seen by using the --enumerate option. If a number is given it is assumed to be decimal unless it
has a hexadecimal indicator which is either a leading '0x' or a trailing 'h'. If one number is
given then it is assumed to be a VPD page number. If two numbers (or abbreviations) are given then
the second one is the same as VP (see the --vendor=VP option). If this option is not given (nor
'-i', '-l' nor '-V') then the "Supported VPD pages" (0x0) VPD page is fetched and decoded. If PG
is '-1' or 'sinq' then the standard INQUIRY response is output. This option may also be used with
the --enumerate (see its description).
If PG is not found in the 'Supported VPD pages' VPD page (0x0) then EDOM is returned. To bypass
this check use the --force option.
-q, --quiet
suppress the amount of decoding and error output.
-r, --raw
if not used with --inhex=FN then output requested VPD page in binary. The output should be piped
to a file or another utility when this option is used. The binary is sent to stdout, and errors
are sent to stderr.
if used with --inhex=FN then the contents of FN is treated as binary.
-Q, --sinq_inraw=RFN
where RFN is a filename containing binary standard INQUIRY response data that matches either
DEVICE or FN. Linux places this standard INQUIRY response in its sysfs pseudo filesystem. A
typical location is at /sys/class/scsi_device/<hctl>/device/inquiry where <hctl> is a four part
numeric tuple separated by colons. This tuple distinguishes the device from any others on the
system. Linux also places some VPD page responses in binary in the same directory with names like
"vpd_pg83" where the last two digits form the hexadecimal VPD page number whose binary contents
are therein.
Some VPD pages (e.g. the Extended Inquiry VPD page) depend on knowing the settings in the standard
INQUIRY response to interpret the fields in that VPD page. This option together with the --all,
--examine or --page=PG allows this utility to process both the standard INQUIRY response and VPD
pages in the same invocation.
The --raw option has no effect on this option. The DEVICE argument may be given with this option.
-M, --vendor=VP
where VP is a vendor (e.g. "sea" for Seagate) or vendor/product acronym (e.g. "hp3par" for the
3PAR array from HP). Many vendors have re-used the numbers at the beginning of the vendor specific
VPD page range (e.g. page 0xc0) and this option is a way of selecting only those which are of
interest. Using a VP of "xxx" will list the available acronyms.
If this option is used with --page=PG and PG is an acronym then this option is ignored. If PG is a
number (e.g. 0xc0) then VP is used to choose the which vendor specific page (e.g. sharing page
number 0xc0) to decode.
-v, --verbose
increases the level or verbosity.
-V, --version
print out version string then exit.
ATA INFORMATION VPD PAGE
This VPD page (0x89 or 'ai') is defined by the SCSI to ATA Translation standard. It contains information
about the SAT layer, the "signature" of the ATA device and the response to the ATA IDENTIFY (PACKET)
DEVICE command. The latter part has 512 bytes of identity, capability and settings data which the hdparm
utility is capable of decoding (so this utility doesn't decode it).
To unclutter the output for this page, the signature and the IDENTIFY (PACKET) DEVICE response are not
output unless the --long option (or --hex or --raw) are given. When the --long option is given the
IDENTIFY (PACKET) DEVICE response is output as 256 (16 bit) words as is the fashion for ATA devices. To
see that response as a string of bytes use the '-HH' option. To format the output suitable for hdparm to
decode use either the '-HHH' or '-rr' option. For example if 'dev/sdb' is a SATA disk behind a SAT layer
then this command: 'sg_vpd -p ai -HHH /dev/sdb | hdparm --Istdin' should decode the ATA IDENTIFY (PACKET)
DEVICE response.
NOTES
Since some VPD pages (e.g. the Extended INQUIRY page) depend on settings in the standard INQUIRY
response, then the standard INQUIRY response is output as a pseudo VPD page when PG is set to '-1' or
'sinq'. Also the decoding of some fields (e.g. the Extended INQUIRY page's SPT field) is expanded when
the '--long' option is given using the standard INQUIRY response information (e.g. the PDT and the
PROTECT fields).
The DEVICE is opened with a read-only flag (e.g. in Unix with the O_RDONLY flag).
EXIT STATUS
The exit status of sg_vpd is 0 when it is successful. Otherwise see the sg3_utils(8) man page.
EXAMPLES
The examples in this page use Linux device names. For suitable device names in other supported Operating
Systems see the sg3_utils(8) man page.
To see the VPD pages that a device supports, use with no options. The command line invocation is shown
first followed by a typical response:
# sg_vpd /dev/sdb
Supported VPD pages VPD page:
Supported VPD pages [sv]
Unit serial number [sn]
Device identification [di]
Extended inquiry data [ei]
Block limits (SBC) [bl]
To see the VPD page numbers associated with each supported page then add the '--long' option to the above
command line. To view a VPD page either its number or abbreviation can be given to the '--page=' option.
The page name abbreviations are shown within square brackets above. In the next example the Extended
inquiry data VPD page is listed:
# sg_vpd --page=ei /dev/sdb
extended INQUIRY data VPD page:
ACTIVATE_MICROCODE=0 SPT=0 GRD_CHK=0 APP_CHK=0 REF_CHK=0
UASK_SUP=0 GROUP_SUP=0 PRIOR_SUP=0 HEADSUP=1 ORDSUP=1 SIMPSUP=1
WU_SUP=0 CRD_SUP=0 NV_SUP=0 V_SUP=0
P_I_I_SUP=0 LUICLR=0 R_SUP=0 CBCS=0
Multi I_T nexus microcode download=0
Extended self-test completion minutes=0
POA_SUP=0 HRA_SUP=0 VSA_SUP=0
To check if any protection types are supported by a disk use the '--long' option on the Extended inquiry
data VPD page:
# sg_vpd --page=ei --long /dev/sdb
extended INQUIRY data VPD page:
ACTIVATE_MICROCODE=0
SPT=1 [protection types 1 and 2 supported]
GRD_CHK=1
....
Search for the name (and acronym) of all pages that share VPD page number 0xb0 .
# sg_vpd --page=0xb0 --enumerate
Matching standard VPD pages:
bl 0xb0 Block limits (SBC)
oi 0xb0 OSD information
sad 0xb0 Sequential access device capabilities (SSC)
Some examples follow using the "--all" option. Send an ASCII hexadecimal representation of all VPD pages
to a file:
# sg_vpd --all -HHHH /dev/sg3 > all_vpds.hex
At some later time that file could be decoded with:
# sg_vpd --all --inhex=all_vpds.hex
To do the equivalent as the previous example but use a file containing binary:
# sg_vpd --all --raw /dev/sg3 > all_vpds.bin
# sg_vpd --all --raw --inhex=all_vpds.bin
Notice that "--raw" must be given with the second (--inhex) invocation to alert the utility that
all_vpds.bin contains binary as it assumes ASCII hexadecimal by default. Next we only decode T10
specified VPD pages excluding vendor specific VPD pages that start at page number 0xc0:
# sg_vpd --all --page=0xbf --raw --inhex=all_vpds.bin
In Linux, binary images of some important VPD page responses (e.g. 0, 80h and 83h) are cached in files
within the sysfs pseudo file system. Since VPD pages hardly ever change their contents, decoding those
files will give the same output as probing the device with the added benefit that decoding those files
doesn't need root permissions. The long and short forms are shown:
sg_vpd --raw --inhex=/sys/class/scsi_generic/sg3/device/vpd_pg83
sg_vpd -rI /sys/class/scsi_generic/sg3/device/vpd_pg83
If /dev/sg3 is a disk at 2:0:0:0 , then this invocation should give more verbose output but essentially
the same as the previous two examples.
sg_vpd -v -r -I /sys/class/scsi_disk/2:0:0:0/device/vpd_pg83
Further examples can be found on the https://sg.danny.cz/sg/sg3_utils.html web page.
AUTHOR
Written by Douglas Gilbert
REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <dgilbert at interlog dot com>.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2006-2023 Douglas Gilbert
This software is distributed under a BSD-2-Clause license. There is NO warranty; not even for
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
SEE ALSO
sg_inq(sg3_utils), sg3_utils(sg3_utils), sdparm(sdparm), hdparm(hdparm)
sg3_utils-1.48 April 2023 SG_VPD(8)