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NAME
itu - standard telecom module
STANDARD TELECOM MODULE
The Standard Telecom module is an original implementation of various standards managed by the
International Telecommunictaion Union (ITU). At the heart of this module is the Abstract Syntax Notation
(ASN.1) which is widely used to model data records and store certificates.
Abstract syntax notation
The abstract syntax notation (ASN.1) is standardized by the ITU to express a normal form of
communication. The ASN.1 is in fact the de-facto standard for representing X509 certificate and is the
only justification to provide the support for such complex representation.
Encoding rules
This implementation supports all encoding forms as defined by the ITU, namely the Basic Encoding Rule
(BER), the Canonical Encoding Rule (CER) and the Distinguished Encoding Rule (DER). The DER form is by
far the most widely used.
ASN objects
All objects as defined by the ITU are supported in this implementation, including the ability to create
custom OID.
Object Description
AsnBoolean Boolean primitive
AsnInteger Integer primitive
AsnBits Bit string
AsnOctets Octet string
AsnBmp Bmp string
AsnIas IA5 string
AsnNums Numeric string
AsnPrts Printable string
AsnUtfs Unicode string
AsnUnvs Universal string
AsneNull Null primitive
AsneEoc End-of-Content primitive
AsnGtm Generalized time primitive
AsnUtc Utc time primitive
AsnSequence Asn node Sequence
AsnSet Asn node Set
AsnOid Asn object identifier Set
AsnRoid Asn object relative identifier Set
Using ASN.1 objects
Using ASN.1 object is particularly straightfoward. One can directly creates a particular object by
invoking the appropriate constructor.
# create an asn boolean node
trans abn (afnix:itu:AsnBoolean true)
# check the node type
assert true (afnix:itu:asn-node-p abn)
assert true (afnix:itu:asn-boolean-p abn)
Writing the object can be done into a buffer or an output stream. Note that the default encoding is the
DER encoding.
# write into a buffer
trans buf (Buffer)
abn:write buf
# check the buffer content
assert "0101FF" (buf:format)
Building an ASN.1 representation can be achieved by parsing a buffer or an input stream. This is done by
filling a buffer and requesting a buffer node mapping.
# parse the buffer and check
const anb (afnix:itu:AsnBuffer buf)
# map the node to a boolean
trans abn (anb:node-map)
# check the node
assert true (afnix:itu:asn-node-p abn)
assert true (afnix:itu:asn-boolean-p abn)
With more complex structure, it is likely that a sequence object will be returned by the buffer node
mapper. Once the sequence object is created, each node can be accessed by index like any other container.
STANDARD TELECOM REFERENCE
AsnNode
The AsnNode class is the base class used to represent the asn tree. The structure of the node is defined
in ITU-T X.690 recommendation. This implementation supports 64 bits tag number with natural machine
length encoding. The Canonical Encoding Rule (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rule (DER) are defined by
the class. Since ASN.1 provides several encoding schemes, the class is designed to be as generic as
possible but does not provides the mechanism for changing from one representation to another although it
is perfectly valid to read a DER representation and write it in the CER form.
Predicate
asn-node-p
Inheritance
Object
Constants
BER
The BER constant defines the Basic Encoding Rule node encoding.
CER
The CER constant defines the Canonical Encoding Rule node encoding.
DER
The DER constant defines the Distinguished Encoding Rule node encoding.
UNIVERSAL
The UNIVERSAL constant defines the node universal class.
APPLICATION
The APPLICATION constant defines the node application class.
CONTEXT-SPECIFIC
The CONTEXT-SPECIFIC constant defines the node context specific class.
PRIVATE
The PRIVATE constant defines the node private class.
Methods
reset -> none (none)
The reset method reset a node to its default value.
length -> Integer (none)
The length method returns the total node length in bytes.
get-class -> UNIVERSAL|APPLICATION|CONTEXT-SPECIFIC|PRIVATE (none)
The get-class method returns the node class.
primitive-p -> Boolean (none)
The primitive-p returns true if the node is a primitive.
constructed-p -> Boolean (none)
The constructed-p returns true if the node is a constructed node.
get-tag-number -> Integer (none)
The get-tag-number-p returns node tag number.
get-content-length -> Integer (none)
The get-content-length-p returns node content length.
write -> none (none|OutputStream|Buffer)
The write method write the asn node contents as well as the child nodes to an output stream
argument or a buffer. Without argument, the node is written to the interpreter output stream. With
one argument, the node is written to the specified stream or buffer.
AsnOctets
The AsnOctets class is the asn object class that encodes the octet string type. This type can be encoded
either as a primitive or as constructed at sender's option. In CER form, the primitive form is used when
the content length is less than 1000 octets, and the constructed form is used otherwise. The DER form
will always use the primitive form.
Predicate
asn-octets-p
Inheritance
AsnNode
Constructors
AsnOctets (none)
The AsnOctets constructor creates a default asn octets string node.
AsnOctets (String|Buffer)
The AsnOctets constructor creates an asn octets string node by string of buffer object.
Methods
to-buffer -> Buffer (none)
The to-buffer method returns a Buffer object as an octet string representation.
AsnBuffer
The AsnBuffer class is the asn object class that provides a generic implementation of an asn structure.
The class acts as a simple encoder and decoder with special facilities to retarget the buffer content.
Predicate
asn-buffer-p
Inheritance
AsnNode
Constructors
AsnBuffer (none)
The AsnBuffer constructor creates a default asn buffer node.
AsnBuffer (InputStream|Buffer|Bitset)
The AsnBuffer constructor creates an asn buffer node from an input stream, a buffer or a bitset.
Methods
reset -> none (none)
The reset method reset the buffer.
parse -> Boolean (InputStream|Buffer|Bitset)
The parse method parse a node represented by an input stream, a buffer or a bitset.
node-map -> AsnNode (none)
The node-map method returns a node mapping of this buffer.
get-content-buffer -> Buffer (none)
The get-content-buffer method returns the asn buffer content as a buffer object.
AsnNull
The AsnNull class is the asn object class that encodes the null primitive. This primitive has a unique
encoding. The length is always 0 and there is no content octet.
Predicate
asn-null-p
Inheritance
AsnNode
Constructors
AsnNull (none)
The AsnNull constructor creates a default asn null node.
AsnEoc
The AsnEoc class is the asn object class that encodes the eoc or end-of-content primitive. This primitive
is almost never used but its encoding is used with the indefinite length encoding.
Predicate
asn-eoc-p
Inheritance
AsnNode
Constructors
AsnEoc (none)
The AsnEoc constructor creates a default asn eoc node.
AsnBoolean
The AsnBoolean class is the asn object class that encodes the boolean primitive. This primitive has a
unique encoding with the CER or DER rule, but the BER rule can support any byte value for the true value.
Predicate
asn-boolean-p
Inheritance
AsnNode
Constructors
AsnBoolean (none)
The AsnBoolean constructor creates a default asn boolean node.
AsnBoolean (Boolean)
The AsnBoolean constructor creates an asn boolean node from a boolean object.
Methods
to-boolean -> Boolean (none)
The to-boolean method returns a Boolean object as the asn node representation.
AsnInteger
The AsnInteger class is the asn object class that encodes the integer primitive. This primitive has a
unique encoding with the CER or DER rule. All encoding use a signed 2-complement form.
Predicate
asn-integer-p
Inheritance
AsnNode
Constructors
AsnInteger (none)
The AsnInteger constructor creates a default asn integer node.
AsnInteger (Integer|Relatif)
The AsnInteger constructor creates an asn integer node from an integer or relatif object.
Methods
to-relatif -> Relatif (none)
The to-relatif method returns a Relatif object as the asn node representation.
AsnBits
The AsnBits class is the asn object class that encodes the bit string type. This type can be encoded
either as a primitive or as constructed at sender's option. In CER form, the primitive form is used when
the content length is less than 1000 octets, and the constructed form is used otherwise. The DER form
will always use the primitive form.
Predicate
asn-bits-p
Inheritance
AsnNode
Constructors
AsnBits (none)
The AsnBits constructor creates a default asn bits node.
AsnBits (String|Bitset)
The AsnBits constructor creates an asn bits node from a string or a bitset.
Methods
to-bits -> Bitset (none)
The to-bits method returns a Bitset object as a bit string representation.
AsnBmps
The AsnBmps class is the asn object class that encodes the asn bmp string primitive also known as the
UCS-2 type string. This string is implemented, after conversion as an octet string. Consequently the
rules for encoding in CER and DER modes are applied.
Predicate
asn-bmps-p
Inheritance
AsnOctets
Constructors
AsnBmps (none)
The AsnBmps constructor creates a default asn string (BMP) node.
AsnBmps (String)
The AsnBmps constructor creates an asn string (BMP) node from a string.
Methods
to-string -> String (none)
The to-string method returns a String object as a node representation.
AsnIas
The AsnIas class is the asn object class that encodes the IA5 string primitive. This string is
implemented, after conversion as an octet string. Consequently the rules for encoding in CER and DER
modes are applied.
Predicate
asn-ias-p
Inheritance
AsnOctets
Constructors
AsnIas (none)
The AsnIas constructor creates a default asn string (IA5) node.
AsnIas (String)
The AsnIas constructor creates an asn string (IA5) node from a string.
Methods
to-string -> String (none)
The to-string method returns a String object as a node representation.
AsnNums
The AsnNums class is the asn object class that encodes the asn numeric string primitive. This string is
implemented, after conversion as an octet string. Consequently the rules for encoding in CER and DER
modes are applied.
Predicate
asn-nums-p
Inheritance
AsnOctets
Constructors
AsnNums (none)
The AsnNums constructor creates a default asn string (NUMERIC) node.
AsnNums (String)
The AsnNums constructor creates an asn string (NUMERIC) node from a string.
Methods
to-string -> String (none)
The to-string method returns a String object as a node representation.
AsnPrts
The AsnPrts class is the asn object class that encodes the asn printable string primitive. This string is
implemented, after conversion as an octet string. Consequently the rules for encoding in CER and DER
modes are applied.
Predicate
asn-prts-p
Inheritance
AsnOctets
Constructors
AsnPrts (none)
The AsnPrts constructor creates a default asn string (PRINTABLE) node.
AsnPrts (String)
The AsnPrts constructor creates an asn string (PRINTABLE) node from a string.
Methods
to-string -> String (none)
The to-string method returns a String object as a node representation.
AsnUtfs
The AsnUtfs class is the asn object class that encodes the asn utf string primitive. This string is
implemented as an octet string. Consequently the rules for encoding in CER and DER modes are applied.
Predicate
asn-utfs-p
Inheritance
AsnOctets
Constructors
AsnUtfs (none)
The AsnUtfs constructor creates a default asn string (UNICODE) node.
AsnUtfs (String)
The AsnUtfs constructor creates an asn string (UNICODE) node from a string.
Methods
to-string -> String (none)
The to-string method returns a String object as a node representation.
AsnUnvs
The AsnUnvs class is the asn object class that encodes the universal string primitive also known as the
UCS-4 type string. This string is implemented, after conversion as an octet string. Consequently the
rules for encoding in CER and DER modes are applied.
Predicate
asn-unvs-p
Inheritance
AsnOctets
Constructors
AsnUnvs (none)
The AsnUnvs constructor creates a default asn string (UNIVERSAL) node.
AsnUnvs (String)
The AsnUnvs constructor creates an asn string (UNIVERSAL) node from a string.
Methods
to-string -> String (none)
The to-string method returns a String object as a node representation.
AsnGtm
The AsnGtm class is the asn object class that encodes the generalized time primitive. This primitive is
encoded from its equivalent string representation. Although, the constructed mode is authorized, it does
not make that much sense to use it.
Predicate
asn-gtm-p
Inheritance
AsnNode
Constructors
AsnGtm (none)
The AsnGtm constructor creates a default asn gtm node.
AsnGtm (String)
The AsnGtm constructor creates an asn gtm node from a string.
Methods
utc-p -> Boolean (none)
The utc-p predicate returns true if the time is expressed in UTC mode.
to-time -> Integer (none)
The to-time method returns a time representation of this asn node.
to-string -> String (none)
The to-string method returns a string representation of this asn node.
AsnUtc
The AsnUtc class is the asn object class that encodes the utc time primitive. This primitive is encoding
from its equivalent string representation. Although, the constructed mode is authorized, it does not make
that much sense to use it.
Predicate
asn-utc-p
Inheritance
AsnNode
Constructors
AsnUtc (none)
The AsnUtc constructor creates a default asn utc node.
AsnUtc (String)
The AsnUtc constructor creates an asn utc node from a string.
Methods
utc-p -> Boolean (none)
The utc-p predicate returns true if the time is expressed in UTC mode.
to-time -> Integer (none)
The to-time method returns a time representation of this asn node.
to-string -> String (none)
The to-string method returns a string representation of this asn node.
AsnSequence
The AsnSequence class is the asn object class that encodes the sequence constructed type. The order of
elements is preserved in the encoding of the sequence.
Predicate
asn-sequence-p
Inheritance
AsnNode
Constructors
AsnSequence (none)
The AsnSequence constructor creates an empty asn sequence node.
Methods
node-length -> Integer (none)
The node-length method returns the number of nodes in the sequence.
node-add -> none (AsnNode)
The node-add method adds a node to the sequence.
node-get -> AsnNode (Integer)
The node-get method returns an asn node by index.
AsnSet
The AsnSet class is the asn object class that encodes the set constructed type. The order of elements is
not important in a set.
Predicate
asn-set-p
Inheritance
AsnNode
Constructors
AsnSet (none)
The AsnSet constructor creates an empty asn set node.
Methods
node-length -> Integer (none)
The node-length method returns the number of nodes in the set.
node-add -> none (AsnNode)
The node-add method adds a node to the set.
node-get -> AsnNode (Integer)
The node-get method returns an asn node by index.
Oid
The Oid class is a base class that represents the X500 object identifier which is used in the ASN.1
encoding and in the X509 standard. An oid is simply represented by a vector of subidentifiers.
Predicate
oid-p
Inheritance
Object
Constructors
Oid (Integer|...)
The Oid constructor creates an oid from a sequence of integers.
Methods
reset -> none (none)
The reset method resets the oid object to its null empty state.
length -> Integer (none)
The length method returns the length of the oid.
add -> none (Integer|...)
The add method adds one or more sub-indentifiers to the oid.
get -> Integer (Integer)
The get method returns an oid sub-identifier by index.
format -> String (none)
The format method returns a string representation of the oid.
AsnOid
The AsnOid class is the asn object class that encodes the object identifier primitive. This primitive has
a unique encoding with the CER or DER rule. The oid is built as a vector of subidentifiers (sid). Each
sid is represented as an octa (64 bits) value.
Predicate
asn-oid-p
Inheritance
AsnNode
Constructors
AsnOid (Integer|...)
The AsnOid constructor creates an asn oid from a sequence of sid.
Methods
sid-length -> Integer (none)
The length method returns the length of the oid.
sid-add -> none (Integer)
The sid-add method adds a sid the oid object.
sid-get -> Integer (Integer)
The sid-get method returns a sid by oid index.
get-oid -> Oid (none)
The get-oid method returns an oid object as the asn oid representation.
AsnRoid
The AsnRoid class is the asn object class that encodes the object relative identifier primitive. This
primitive has a unique encoding with the CER or DER rule. The oid is built as a vector of subidentifiers
(sid). Each sid is represented as an octa (64 bits) value. The difference with the oid object is to be
found in the encoding of the first 2 sid.
Predicate
asn-roid-p
Inheritance
AsnNode
Constructors
AsnRoid (Integer|...)
The AsnRoid constructor creates an asn roid from a sequence of sid.
Methods
sid-length -> Integer (none)
The length method returns the length of the oid.
sid-add -> none (Integer)
The sid-add method adds a sid the oid object.
sid-get -> Integer (Integer)
The sid-get method returns a sid by oid index.
get-oid -> Oid (none)
The get-oid method returns an oid object as the asn oid representation.
Functions
asn-random-bits -> none (Integer)
The exit function creates a random asn bit string. The argument is the number of bits in the
random string.
asn-random-octets -> none (Integer)
The exit function creates a random asn octet string. The integer argument is the number of octets
in the string.
AFNIX Module AFNIX itu(3)