Provided by: inn2-inews_2.7.3~20250201-1_amd64 
NAME
inn.conf - Configuration data for InterNetNews programs
DESCRIPTION
inn.conf in pathetc is the primary general configuration file for all InterNetNews programs. Settings
which control the general operation of various programs, as well as the paths to all portions of the news
installation, are found here. The INNCONF environment variable, if set, specifies an alternate path to
inn.conf.
This file is intended to be fairly static. Any changes made to it will generally not affect any running
programs until they restart. Unlike nearly every other configuration file, inn.conf cannot be reloaded
dynamically using ctlinnd(8); innd(8) must be stopped and restarted for relevant changes to inn.conf to
take effect ("ctlinnd xexec innd" is the fastest way to do this.)
Blank lines and lines starting with a number sign ("#") are ignored. All other lines specify parameters,
and should be of the following form:
<name>: <value>
(Any amount of whitespace can be put after the colon and is optional.) If the value contains embedded
whitespace or any of the characters "[]<>{}"\:;", it must be enclosed in double quotes (""). A backslash
("\") can be used to escape quotes and backslashes inside double quotes. <name> is case-sensitive;
"server" is not the same as "Server" or "SERVER". (inn.conf parameters are generally all in lowercase.)
If <name> occurs more than once in the file, the first value is used. Some parameters specified in the
file may be overridden by environment variables. Most parameters have default values if not specified in
inn.conf; those defaults are noted in the description of each parameter.
Many parameters take a boolean value. For all such parameters, the value may be specified as "true",
"yes", or "on" to turn it on and may be any of "false", "no", or "off" to turn it off. The case of these
values is significant.
This documentation is extremely long and organized as a reference manual rather than as a tutorial. If
this is your first exposure to INN and these parameters, it would be better to start by reading other man
pages and referring to this one only when an inn.conf parameter is explicitly mentioned. Those
parameters which need to be changed when setting up a new server are discussed in INSTALL.
PARAMETERS
General Settings
These parameters are used by a wide variety of different components of INN.
domain
This should be the domain name of the local host. It should not have a leading period, and it should
not be a full host address. It is used only if a fully qualified domain name cannot be found. INN
first tries to retrieve it from the INN_HOSTNAME environment variable if set, then from
gethostname(3) and getaddrinfo(3) calls. The check is very simple; if the retrieved hostname
contains a period, then it is assumed to have the full domain name. Otherwise, a dot followed with
the value of domain is appended to the retrieved hostname. The default value is unset.
You are encouraged to declare your fully qualified domain name in /etc/hostname, or in the
INN_HOSTNAME environment variable if you can't.
The intent is to obtain a hostname guaranteed to be unique, so a value like "localhost.localdomain"
for the hostname or "localdomain" for the domain parameter should be avoided. Ideally, a domain
affiliated with the administrators of the news server should be used.
This parameter is not meant to be used to affect the right-hand side of autogenerated Message-IDs;
you have to directly use domain in readers.conf(5) instead, for backwards-compatible reasons. (The
name of this parameter in readers.conf will likely be changed in a future major release to
disambiguate its use.)
innflags
The flags to pass to innd on startup. See innd(8) for details on the possible flags. The default
value is unset.
Note that these flags are only used when innd is started from rc.news or nntpsend.
mailcmd
The path to the program to be used for mailing reports and errors to the news administrator. The
default is pathbin/innmail. This should not normally need to be changed.
mta The command to use when sending a mail (e.g. mailing postings to moderators, gatewaying news to mail,
sending statistics to the TOP1000 project, mailing errors and reports to the news administrator).
Some programs use innmail(1) which in turn runs the command in the mta parameter. The message, with
its headers, will be piped into this mta program. Depending on the calling program, additional
header fields may be added when appropriate, like To, Subject or Auto-Submitted header fields.
The string "%s", if present, will be replaced by the expected recipient(s) like the e-mail address of
the moderator or of a remote list. It's strongly recommended for this command to end with "%s" on
the command line rather than, when not present, use the addresses in the To and Cc header fields of
the message, since the latter approach allows the news server to be abused as a mechanism to send
mail to arbitrary addresses and will result in unexpected behaviour. There is no default value for
this parameter; it must be set in inn.conf or a fatal error message will be logged via syslog.
For most systems, "/usr/lib/sendmail -oi -oem %s" (adjusted for the correct path to sendmail, and
between double quotes) is a good choice.
To improve deliverability of sent mails, especially moderated group submissions, you are encouraged
to install a modern and full-featured MTA like Postfix instead of a frugal MTA like Nullmailer.
You'll then be able to configure bounces and benefit from DSN (Delivery Status Notifications).
Useful flags to add, if your mta program supports them, are "-N failure" (to only return a DSN on
failure, not delay), "-F 'Newsmaster'" (to set the full name of the notification),
"-fnewsmaster@server.com" (to set the envelope sender address), and "-opnobodyreturn" (a privacy
option to only return headers in the DSN). Feel free to add any other options you think appropriate.
pathhost
What to put into the Path header field to represent the local site. This path identity is added to
the Path header field body of all articles that pass through the system, including locally posted
articles, and is also used when processing some control messages and when naming the server in status
reports. There is no default value; this parameter must be set in inn.conf or INN will not start. A
good value to use is the fully qualified hostname of the system.
The main purpose of the path identity is to avoid being proposed by your peers articles that already
contain your path identity in their Path header fields.
In case you are running several internal news servers, you may want to also set pathcluster so as to
define the primary path identity to advertise to your peers for their use in correctly identifying
your news servers and adding the right path diagnostic (see Section 3.2.1 of RFC 5537 for more
details about path diagnostics).
runasgroup
The group under which the news server will run. The default is "news" (or the group specified at
configure time) and should not normally need to be changed.
runasuser
The user under which the news server will run. The default is "news" (or the user specified at
configure time) and should not normally need to be changed.
server
The name of the default NNTP server. If nnrpdposthost is not set and UNIX domain sockets are not
supported, nnrpd tries to hand off locally-posted articles through an INET domain socket to this
server.
actsync, getlist, inews, and nntpget also use this value as the default server to connect to. In the
latter cases, the value of the NNTPSERVER environment variable, if it exists, overrides this. The
default value is unset. You may want to set it to "localhost" or the fully qualified domain name of
your local news server or of a remote news server.
rnews uses this value as a fallback when nnrpdposthost is not set, and there's no localhost server.
syntaxchecks
A list of values controlling the level of checks performed by innd and nnrpd. For instance:
syntaxchecks: [ no-laxmid ]
The last occurrence of a given value takes precedence, that is to say if "no-laxmid laxmid" is
listed, laxmid takes precedence.
Only one check can currently be enabled/disabled:
laxmid / no-laxmid
When laxmid is set, Message-IDs containing ".." in the left part are accepted, as well as
Message-IDs with two "@". Some non-compliant news posters generate such syntactically invalid
Message-IDs, especially in binary newsgroups. The default is no-laxmid, that is to say INN
strictly follows the standard regarding syntax checks (it will neither accept these articles nor
propagate them to remote peers).
Feed Configuration
These parameters govern incoming and outgoing feeds: what size of articles are accepted, what filtering
and verification is performed on them, whether articles in groups not carried by the server are still
stored and propagated, and other similar settings.
artcutoff
Articles older than this number of days are dropped. The default value is "10", which means that an
incoming article will be rejected if its posting date is farther in the past than ten days.
In order to disable that check on date, you can set this parameter to "0".
The number on the "/remember/" line in expire.ctl should probably be one more than that number in
order to take into account articles whose posting date is one day into the future.
bindaddress
Which IP address innd(8) should bind itself to. This must be in dotted-quad format
(nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn). If set to "all" or not set, innd defaults to listening on all interfaces. The
value of the INND_BIND_ADDRESS environment variable, if set, overrides this setting. The default
value is unset.
This parameter has no effect when systemd socket activation is used.
bindaddress6
Like bindaddress but for IPv6 sockets. If only one of the bindaddress and bindaddress6 parameters is
used, then only the socket for the corresponding address family is created. If both parameters are
used then two sockets are created. If neither of them is used, the list of sockets to listen on will
be determined by the system library getaddrinfo(3) function. The value of the INND_BIND_ADDRESS6
environment variable, if set, overrides this setting. The default value is unset.
Note that you will generally need to put double quotes ("") around this value if you set it, since
IPv6 addresses contain colons.
This parameter has no effect when systemd socket activation is used.
docancels
This parameter is intended for sites concerned about abuse of cancels, or that wish to enforce a
mechanism to authenticate cancels. This parameter does not change how NoCeM notices are processed by
perl-nocem(8), and only applies to cancel articles (with a Control header field) and supersede
requests (with a Supersedes header field).
Unless rejected by the use of a filter hook, innd always accepts and propagates cancel articles and
supersede requests. However, actually processing such articles on the local news server depends on
this parameter which can take the following values:
"require-auth"
Only articles originally protected by the Cancel-Lock authentication mechanism can be withdrawn
by a valid authenticated cancel article or a valid authenticated supersede request. Withdrawals
of articles not originally protected by Cancel-Lock will not be executed.
This is the default value if innd knows how to authenticate cancels (that is to say if INN was
built with Cancel-Lock support). Otherwise, the behaviour will be the same as "none".
"auth"
Withdrawals of articles not originally protected by the Cancel-Lock authentication mechanism will
always be executed. However, if the original article is protected, only a valid authenticated
cancel article or a valid authenticated supersede request will permit withdrawing it. (If INN
was not built with Cancel-Lock support, such protected articles won't be withdrawn.)
"none"
Neither cancel articles nor supersede requests will be processed; no articles will be withdrawn.
This is the default value if innd does not know how to authenticate cancels (that is to say if
INN was not built with Cancel-Lock support) as it has no means to ensure that these withdrawal
requests are legitimate.
"all"
innd will process all cancel articles and supersede requests, even if unauthenticated, forged or
with bad authentication. You should be sure of what you are doing if you choose that value as
any article can be withdrawn (even by someone who is not the author of the article).
dontrejectfiltered
Normally innd(8) rejects incoming articles when directed to do so by any enabled article filters
(Perl or Python). However, this parameter causes such articles not to be rejected; instead filtering
can be applied on outbound articles. If this parameter is set, all articles will be accepted on the
local machine, but articles rejected by the filter will not be fed to any peers specified in
newsfeeds with the "Af" flag. The default value is false.
If this parameter is set, you may also use the filtered key of storage method entries in storage.conf
to store filtered articles in dedicated storage classes.
hiscachesize
If set to a value other than "0", a hash of recently received Message-IDs is kept in memory to speed
history lookups. The value is the amount of memory to devote to the cache in kilobytes. The cache
is only used for incoming feeds and a small cache can hold quite a few Message-IDs, so large values
aren't necessarily useful unless you have incoming feeds that are badly delayed. innreport can
provide useful statistics regarding the use of the history cache, especially when it misses. A good
value for a system with more than one incoming feed is "256"; systems with only one incoming feed
should probably set this to "0". The default value is "256".
ignorenewsgroups
Whether newsgroup creation control messages (newgroup and rmgroup) should be fed as if they were
posted to the newsgroup they are creating or deleting rather than to the newsgroups listed in the
Newsgroups header field. If this parameter is set, the newsgroup affected by the control message
will be extracted from the Control header field and the article will be fed as if its Newsgroups
header field contained solely that newsgroup. This is useful for routing control messages to peers
when they are posted to irrelevant newsgroups that shouldn't be matched against the peer's desired
newsgroups in newsfeeds. This is a boolean value and the default is false.
immediatecancel
When using the timecaf storage method, article cancels are normally just cached to be cancelled, not
cancelled immediately. If this is set to true, they will instead by cancelled as soon as the cancel
is processed. This is a boolean value and the default is false.
This setting is ignored unless the timecaf storage method is used.
linecountfuzz
If set to something other than "0", the line count of the article is checked against the Lines header
field body of the article (if present) and the article is rejected if the values differ by more than
this amount. A reasonable setting is "5", which is the standard maximum signature length plus one
(some injection software calculates the Lines header field before adding the signature). The default
value is "0", which tells INN not to check the Lines header field of incoming articles.
maxartsize
The maximum size of article (headers and body) that will be accepted by the server, in bytes. A
value of "0" allows any size of article, but note that innd will crash if system memory is exceeded.
The default value is "1000000" (approximately 1 MB). This is checked against the article in wire
format (CRLF at the end of each line, leading periods protected, and with the trailing "\r\n.\r\n" at
the end). See also localmaxartsize.
maxconnections
The maximum number of incoming NNTP connections innd(8) will accept. The default value is "50".
pathalias
If set, this value is prepended as a path identity immediately to the right of pathhost in the Path
header field body of accepted articles if it doesn't already appear in the Path header field. The
default value is unset.
The main purpose of this parameter is when there is some other path identity that you want to add to
the Path header field of every article passing through your news server(s) for some reason, maybe
because you used to have some other path identity and you have peers that are configured to not send
you articles that have already passed through that entity, and you can't get them to update to your
current path identity for some reason.
pathcluster
If set, this value is appended as a path identity immediately to the left of pathhost in the Path
header field body of accepted articles if it isn't already present as the leftmost element of the
Path header field body. The default value is unset.
The main purpose of this parameter is to set the name that you are using to identify yourself to
peers (i.e. the path identity they should expect to see from you) in the cases where that doesn't
match the main path identity pathhost for this news server. (The most common case where that happens
is when you have multiple news servers that you want to present as a "united front" to the outside
world and identify as the same virtual server, but you still want distinct path identities so those
servers can internally feed each other. Also, even without internal feeds, pathcluster could be set
to an organization name if the organization has multiple news servers.)
pgpverify
Whether to enable PGP verification of control messages other than cancel. This is a boolean value
and the default in the inn.conf sample file is based on whether configure found pgp, pgpv, pgpgpg,
gpgv, gpgv1, gpgv2, gpg, gpg1 or gpg2. Note that if the parameter is not present in the
configuration file, it defaults to false.
port
What TCP port innd(8) should listen on. The default value is "119", the standard NNTP port.
remembertrash
By default, innd(8) records rejected articles in history so that, if offered the same article again,
it can be refused before it is sent. If you wish to disable this behavior, set this to false. This
can cause a substantial increase in the amount of bandwidth consumed by incoming news if you have
several peers and reject a lot of articles, so be careful with it. Even if this is set to true, INN
won't log some rejected articles to history if there's reason to believe the article might be
accepted if offered by a different peer, so there is usually no reason to set this to false (although
doing so can decrease the size of the history file). This is a boolean value and the default is
true.
sourceaddress
Which local IP address to bind to for outgoing NNTP sockets (used by innxmit(8) among other programs,
as well as innfeed(8) as long as not overridden by bindaddress in innfeed.conf(5)). This must be in
dotted-quad format (nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn). If set to "all", the operating system will choose the source
IP address for outgoing connections. The default value is unset.
sourceaddress6
Like sourceaddress but for IPv6 sockets. Note that you will generally need to put double quotes ("")
around this value if you set it, since IPv6 addresses contain colons.
verifygroups
Set this to true to reject incoming articles which contain an unknown newsgroup in the whole list of
newsgroups to which they are posted. In case wanttrash is set to true, such articles will still be
rejected. This is a boolean value, and the default is false.
wanttrash
Set this to true if you want to file articles posted to unknown newsgroups (newsgroups not in the
active file) into the "junk" newsgroup rather than rejecting them. This is sometimes useful for a
transit news server that needs to propagate articles (according to the setting of "Aj" in the
newsfeeds feed pattern) in all newsgroups regardless if they're carried locally. This is a boolean
value and the default is false.
The logtrash parameter specifies whether such articles should be logged as posted to unwanted
newsgroups in the news log file.
wipcheck
If INN is offered an article by a peer on one channel, it will return deferral responses (code 436)
to all other offers of that article for this many seconds. (After this long, if the peer that
offered the article still hasn't sent it, it will be accepted from other channels.) The default
value is "5" and probably doesn't need to be changed.
wipexpire
How long, in seconds, to keep track of message IDs offered on a channel before expiring articles that
still haven't been sent. The default value is "10" and probably doesn't need to be changed.
History Settings
The following parameter affect the history database.
hismethod
Which history storage method to use. The only currently supported value is "hisv6". There is no
default value; this parameter must be set.
"hisv6"
Stores history data in the INN history v6 format: history(5) text file and a number of dbz
database files; this may be in true history v6 format, or tagged hash format, depending on the
build options. Separation of these two is a project which has not yet been undertaken.
Article Storage
These parameters affect how articles are stored on disk.
cnfscheckfudgesize
If set to a value other than "0", the claimed size of articles in CNFS cycbuffs is checked against
maxartsize plus this value, and if larger, the CNFS cycbuff is considered corrupt. This can be
useful as a sanity check after a system crash, but be careful using this parameter if you have
changed maxartsize recently. The default value is "0".
enableoverview
Whether to write out overview data for articles. If set to false, INN will run much faster, but
reading news from the system will be impossible (the server will be for news transit only). If this
option is set to true, ovmethod must also be set. This is a boolean value and the default is true.
extraoverviewadvertised
Besides the seven standard overview fields (which are in order "Subject", "From", "Date",
"Message-ID", "References", ":bytes" and ":lines") and the eighth "Xref:full" field required by INN
in order to handle crossposts, it is possible to add other fields in the overview database. This
parameter expects a list of such header field names. Overview data for these additional header
fields will be generated for each new article at the time of arrival. For instance, if you specify:
extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path Newsgroups ]
it implies that nnrpd will advertise "Path:full" and "Newsgroups:full" as the ninth and tenth fields
in response to LIST OVERVIEW.FMT and that these two header field bodies will be stored in the
overview database for each new article. It may be a useful configuration to have as some news
readers do article scoring with rules based on these two header fields. Having them in the overview
database permits being faster at scoring for these readers, without having to separately request
them, but on the other hand these additional fields are also present in overview requests of all the
other readers, which slightly slows their reading.
The default value is an empty list (no additional fields are stored). Owing to optimizations when
innd parses the articles it receives, it is possible that all the values in the list are not
recognized by innd as standard header field names. In such cases, innd will log an error in news.err
at startup and the unrecognized fields will be discarded. Moreover, the deprecated "Bytes" and
"Lines" header fields, already present in the standard overview fields as metadata items, cannot be
added.
You should advertise only fields for which the overview database is consistent, that is to say it
records the content or absence of these fields for all articles, including those already existing in
the news spool. Consequently, if you decide to add or remove a field from your overview database,
you should either modify extraoverviewadvertised and rebuild your overview database with
makehistory(8) after removing all existing overview files, or implement a transition period by first
using extraoverviewhidden as described below.
Use of a transition period can accommodate most overview reconfigurations, but certain drastic
changes may still require a complete overview rebuild.
If for instance you want to store the content of the Injection-Info header field body in addition to
the fields already stored above, you should use:
extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path Newsgroups ]
extraoverviewhidden: [ Injection-Info ]
This way, "Injection-Info:full" will not be advertised by nnrpd but will be stored for each new
article. Once you know that all articles in your overview database record the content or absence of
that new field (if expire.ctl(5) is parameterized so that all your articles expire within 30 days,
you can assume the database is in such a state after 30 days -- however, note that time to expiration
can be unpredictable with CNFS and you then have to use "cnfsstat -a" for checking on when buffers
have rolled over), you should put:
extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path Newsgroups Injection-Info ]
extraoverviewhidden: [ ]
The "Injection-Info" value must be added at the end of the list because order matters and fields
mentioned in extraoverviewhidden are generated after those mentioned in extraoverviewadvertised.
nnrpd will now advertise "Injection-Info:full" in response to the LIST OVERVIEW.FMT command ("full"
indicates that the header field name appears followed by its value).
Now suppose you want to remove the content of the Newsgroups header field from the overview. As
order matters, the overview database will no longer be consistent for the Injection-Info header
field. Therefore, you need to specify:
extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path ]
extraoverviewhidden: [ Injection-Info ]
And once overview data is accurate for all articles, you should use:
extraoverviewadvertised: [ Path Injection-Info ]
extraoverviewhidden: [ ]
Note that you have to restart nnrpd if it runs as a daemon whenever you change the value of
extraoverviewadvertised; a mere "ctlinnd xexec innd" is not enough.
extraoverviewhidden
This parameter should be used in conjunction with extraoverviewadvertised (see above for more
details). It expects a list of header field names. Overview data for these header fields will be
generated for each new article at the time of arrival but, contrary to the fields mentioned in
extraoverviewadvertised, nnrpd will not advertise them in response to the LIST OVERVIEW.FMT command.
It also implies that nnrpd will not look in the overview database for fields mentioned in
extraoverviewhidden when it handles HDR, XHDR and XPAT requests as the overview database is not
considered consistent yet for these fields; nnrpd will have to parse the headers of the requested
articles in the news spool, which is slower than directly querying the overview database.
The default value is an empty list (no additional fields are stored). Owing to optimizations when
innd parses the articles it receives, it is possible that all the values in the list are not
recognized by innd as standard header field names. In such cases, innd will log an error in news.err
at startup and the unrecognized fields will be discarded. Moreover, the deprecated "Bytes" and
"Lines" header fields, already present in the standard overview fields as metadata items, cannot be
added.
groupbaseexpiry
Whether to enable newsgroup-based expiry. If set to false, article expiry is done based on storage
class of storing method. If set to true (and overview information is available), expiry is done by
newsgroup name. This affects the format of expire.ctl. This is a boolean value and the default is
true.
mergetogroups
Whether to file all postings to "to.*" groups in the pseudonewsgroup "to". If this is set to true,
the newsgroup "to" must exist in the active file or INN will not start. (See the discussion of "to."
groups in innd(8) under CONTROL MESSAGES.) This is a boolean value and the default is false.
nfswriter
For servers writing articles, determine whether the article spool is on NFS storage. If set, INN
attempts to flush articles to the spool in a more timely manner, rather than relying on the operating
system to flush things such as the CNFS article bitmaps. You should only set this parameter if you
are attempting to use a shared NFS spool on a machine acting as a single writer within a cluster.
This is a boolean value and the default is false.
overcachesize
How many cache slots to reserve for open overview files. If INN is writing overview files (see
enableoverview), ovmethod is set to "tradindexed", and this is set to a value other than "0", INN
will keep around and open that many recently written-to overview files in case more articles come in
for those newsgroups. Every overview cache slot consumes two file descriptors, so be careful not to
set this value too high. You may be able to use the "ulimit -n" command to see how many open file
descriptors your operating system allows. innd(8) also uses an open file descriptor for each
incoming feed and outgoing channel or batch file, and if it runs out of open file descriptors, it may
throttle and stop accepting new news. The default value is "128" (which is probably still too low if
you have a large number of file descriptors available).
Please have a look at the documentation of the rlimitnofile parameter, as increasing the default
value may lead to an exhaustion of usable file descriptors.
This setting is ignored unless ovmethod is set to "tradindexed".
ovgrouppat
If set, restricts the overview data stored by INN to only the newsgroups matching this comma-
separated list of uwildmat expressions. Newsgroups not matching this setting may not be readable,
and if groupbaseexpiry is set to true and the storage method for these newsgroups does not have self-
expire functionality, storing overview data will fail. The default is unset.
ovflushcount
How many articles received between flushing their overview data to disk. This parameter is only used
for the buffindexed overview storage method, and defaults to "50". (Flushing to disk is
parameterized differently for other methods: txn_nosync in ovdb.conf, transrowlimit and
transtimelimit in ovsqlite.conf, and always after each article arrival for tradindexed.)
See icdsynccount (related to flushes of the active and history files) for more information about this
trade-off between faster speed and more data loss if innd crashes.
ovmethod
Which overview storage method to use. Currently supported values are "buffindexed", "ovdb",
"ovsqlite" and "tradindexed". There is no default value; this parameter must be set if
enableoverview is true (the default).
"buffindexed"
It stores overview data and index information into preconfigured large files like CNFS. Fast at
writing, the "buffindexed" overview storage method can keep up with a large feed more easily and
never consumes additional disk space beyond that allocated to these buffers. The downside is
that these buffers are hard to recover in case of corruption and somewhat slower for readers and
the expiry process. Also, overview data is limited to 8 KB per article, which may lead to the
lack of integration of a few articles with headers of unusual length into the overview database.
See the buffindexed.conf(5) man page for more details, and notably how to create the buffers.
"ovdb"
It stores overview information into a Berkeley DB database, whose development pace has stalled
these last years. This method is fast and very robust, but may require more disk space, unless
compression is enabled. Overview data is fetched one article at a time, which makes this method
a bit slower than "ovsqlite" for readers. See the ovdb(5) man page for more details.
"ovsqlite"
It stores overview information into an SQLite database, known for its long-term stability and
compatibility. Robust and faster than "ovdb" at reading ranges of overview data (since overview
data is transferred in 128-kilobyte chunks between ovsqlite-server and nnrpd) but somewhat slower
at writing, this method may require more disk space, unless compression is enabled. See the
ovsqlite(5) man page for more details.
"tradindexed"
It uses two files per newsgroup, one containing the overview data and one containing the index.
Fast for readers, but slow to write to because it has to update two files for each incoming
article. Its main advantage is to be the best tested, the most reliable and the method with the
best recovery tools (tdx-util).
storeonxref
If set to true, articles will be stored based on the newsgroup names in the Xref header field body
rather than in the Newsgroups header field body. This affects what the patterns in storage.conf
apply to. The primary interesting effect of setting this to true is to enable filing of all control
messages according to what storage class the control pseudogroups are filed in rather than according
to the newsgroups the control messages are posted to. This is a boolean value and the default is
true.
If the tradspool article storage method is used, storeonxref must be true.
useoverchan
Whether to innd(8) should create overview data internally through libinnstorage(3). If set to false,
innd creates overview data by itself. If set to true, innd does not create; instead overview data
must be created by overchan(8) from an appropriate entry in newsfeeds. Setting to true may be
useful, if innd cannot keep up with incoming feed and the bottleneck is creation of overview data
within innd. This is a boolean value and the default is false.
wireformat
Only used with the tradspool storage method, this says whether to write articles in wire format.
Wire format means storing articles with "\r\n" at the end of each line and with periods at the
beginning of lines doubled, the article format required by the NNTP protocol. Articles stored in
this format are suitable for sending directly to a network connection without requiring conversion,
and therefore setting this to true can make the server more efficient. The primary reason not to set
this is if you have old existing software that looks around in the spool and doesn't understand how
to read wire format. Storage methods other than tradspool always store articles in wire format.
This is a boolean value and the default is true.
xrefslave
Whether to act as the slave of another server. If set, INN attempts to duplicate exactly the article
numbering of the server feeding it by looking at the Xref header field body of incoming articles and
assigning the same article numbers to articles as was noted in the Xref header field body from the
upstream server. The result is that clients should be able to point at either server interchangeably
(using some load balancing scheme, for example) and see the same internal article numbering. Servers
with this parameter set should generally only have one upstream feed, and should always have
nnrpdposthost set to hand locally posted articles off to the master server. The upstream should be
careful to always feed articles in order (innfeed(8) can have problems with this in the event of a
backlog). This is a boolean value and the default is false.
Reading
These parameters affect the behavior of INN for readers. Most of them are used by nnrpd(8). There are
some special sets of settings that are broken out separately after the initial alphabetized list.
allownewnews
Whether to allow use of the NEWNEWS command by clients. This command used to put a heavy load on the
server in older versions of INN, but is now reasonably efficient, at least if only one newsgroup is
specified by the client. This is a boolean value and the default is true. If you use the access
parameter in readers.conf, be sure to read about the way it overrides allownewnews.
articlemmap
Whether to attempt to mmap() articles. Setting this to true will give better performance on most
systems, but some systems have problems with mmap(). If this is set to false, articles will be read
into memory before being sent to readers. This is a boolean value and the default is true.
clienttimeout
How long (in seconds) a client connection can be idle before it exits. When setting this parameter,
be aware that some newsreaders use the same connection for reading and posting and don't deal well
with the connection timing out while a post is being composed. If the system isn't having a problem
with too many long-lived connections, it may be a good idea to increase this value to "3600" (an
hour). The default value is "1800" (thirty minutes).
initialtimeout
How long (in seconds) nnrpd will wait for the first command from a reader connection before dropping
the connection. This is a defensive timeout intended to protect the news server from badly behaved
reader clients that open and abandon a multitude of connections without every closing them. The
default value is "10" (ten seconds), which may need to be increased if many clients connect via slow
network links.
msgidcachesize
How many cache slots to reserve for message-IDs to storage token translations. When serving overview
data to clients (NEWNEWS, OVER, etc.), nnrpd(8) can cache the storage token associated with a
message-ID and save the cost of looking it up in the history file; for some configurations, setting
this parameter can save more than 90% of the wall clock time for a session. The default value is
"64000".
nfsreader
For servers reading articles, determine whether the article spool is on NFS storage. If set, INN
will attempt to force articles and overviews to be read directly from the NFS spool rather than from
cached copies. You should only set this parameter if you are attempting to use a shared NFS spool on
a machine acting as a reader within a cluster. This is a boolean value and the default is false.
nfsreaderdelay
If nfsreader is set, INN will use the value of nfsreaderdelay to delay the apparent arrival time of
articles to clients by this amount. Note that only answers to GROUP and NEWNEWS commands are
affected. This value should be tuned based on the NFS cache timeouts locally. The default is "60",
that is to say one minute.
nnrpdcheckart
Whether nnrpd should check the existence of an article before listing it as present in response to an
NNTP command (HDR, LISTGROUP, NEWNEWS, OVER, XPAT). The primary use of this setting is to prevent
nnrpd from returning information about articles which are no longer present on the server but which
still have overview data available. Checking the existence of articles before returning overview
information slows down the overview commands, but reduces the number of "article is missing" errors
seen by the client. This is a boolean value and the default is true.
You may also want to see the groupexactcount parameter in readers.conf(5) which controls the
computing of the estimated article count returned in NNTP commands (GROUP, LIST COUNTS, LISTGROUP).
nnrpdflags
When nnrpd(8) is spawned from innd(8), these flags are passed as arguments to the nnrpd process.
This setting does not affect instances of nnrpd that are started in daemon mode, or instances that
are started via another listener process such as inetd(8) or xinetd(8). Shell quoting and
metacharacters are not supported. This is a string value and the default is unset.
nnrpdloadlimit
If set to a value other than "0", connections to nnrpd will be refused if the system load average is
higher than this value. The default value is "16".
noreader
Normally, innd(8) will fork a copy of nnrpd(8) for all incoming connections from hosts not listed in
incoming.conf. If this parameter is set to true, those connections will instead be rejected with a
502 error code. This should be set to true for a transit-only server that doesn't support readers,
or if nnrpd is running in daemon mode or being started out of inetd. This is a boolean value and the
default is false.
readerswhenstopped
Whether to allow readers to connect even if the server is paused or throttled. This is only
applicable if nnrpd(8) is spawned from innd(8) rather than run out of inetd or in daemon mode. This
is a boolean value and the default is false.
readertrack
Whether to enable the tracking system for client behavior. Tracked information is recorded to
pathlog/tracklogs/log-ID, where ID is determined by nnrpd's PID and launch time. Currently the
information recorded includes initial connection and posting; only information about clients listed
in nnrpd.track is recorded. In addition, every posted article will be saved in
pathlog/trackposts/track.message-id, where message-id is the message ID of the post. This is a
boolean value and the default is false.
tradindexedmmap
Whether to attempt to mmap() tradindexed overviews articles. Setting this to true will give better
performance on most systems, but some systems have problems with mmap(). If this is set to false,
overviews will be read into memory before being sent to readers. This is a boolean value and the
default is true.
INN has optional support for generating keyword information automatically from article body text and
putting that information in overview for the use of clients that know to look for it (HDR, OVER and XPAT
commands). The following parameters control that feature, which should be considered experimental. Its
very simple text tokenization works only on plain-text ASCII articles, and totally lacks of understanding
of anything other than English. Articles encoded in Base64 or Quoted-Printable, having a MIME structure,
or farther afield from English will have garbage in the generated Keywords header field.
This feature may be too slow if you're taking a substantial feed, and probably will not be useful for the
average news reader; enabling this is not recommended unless you have some specific intention to take
advantage of it.
keywords
Whether the keyword generation support should be enabled. This is a boolean value and the default is
false.
If an article already contains a Keywords header field, no keyword generation is done and the
original Keywords header field is kept untouched.
In order to use this feature, the regex library should be available and INN configured with the
--enable-keywords flag. Otherwise, no keywords will be generated, even though this boolean value is
set to true. You also have to add the Keywords header field into the overview with
extraoverviewadvertised or extraoverviewhidden.
keyartlimit
Articles larger than this value in bytes will not have keywords generated for them (since it would
take too long to do so). The default value is "100000" (approximately 100 KB).
keylimit
Maximum number of bytes allocated for keyword data. If there are more keywords than will fit into
this many bytes when separated by commas, the rest are discarded. The default value is "512".
keymaxwords
Maximum number of keywords that will be generated for an article. (The keyword generation code will
attempt to discard "noise" words in English, so the number of keywords actually written into the
overview will usually be smaller than this even if the maximum number of keywords is found.) The
default value is "250".
Posting
These parameters are only used by nnrpd(8), inews(1), and other programs that accept or generate
postings. There are some special sets of settings that are broken out separately after the initial
alphabetized list.
addinjectiondate
Whether to add an Injection-Date header field to all local posts. This is a boolean value and the
default is true.
Note that no Injection-Date header fields will be added to local posts already containing both a
Message-ID header field and a Date header field. This is done in conformance with standards, to help
minimize the possibility of a loop in e-mail gatewaying and ensure that a newly injected article is
not treated as a new, separate article in case of multiple injection of the same article to different
injecting agents.
addinjectionpostingaccount
Whether to add a posting-account attribute to the Injection-Info header field body to all local posts
giving the username assigned to the user at connection time or after authentication. This is a
boolean value and the default is false. There is no intrinsic support for obfuscating the value.
That has to be done with a user-written Perl filter, if desired.
addinjectionpostinghost
Whether to add a posting-host attribute to the Injection-Info header field body to all local posts
giving an FQDN (when known, by reverse lookup of the client IP address) and IP address of the system
from which the post was received. This is a boolean value and the default is true. Note that INN
either does not add this attribute or adds the name (when known) and IP address of the client. There
is no intrinsic support for obfuscating the name of the client. That has to be done with a user-
written Perl filter, if desired.
When this parameter is set to true, an FQDN (obtained by reverse lookup of the client IP address or,
if unknown, the IP address itself) of the client is also added to the Path header field body, after
the "!.POSTED" diagnostic.
checkincludedtext
Whether to check local postings for the ratio of new to quoted text and reject them if that ratio is
under 50%. Included text is recognized by looking for lines beginning with ">", "|", or ":". This
is a boolean value and the default is false.
complaints
The value of the mail-complaints-to attribute of the Injection-Info header field added to all local
posts. The default is the newsmaster's e-mail address. (If the newsmaster, selected at configure
time and defaulting to "usenet", doesn't contain "@", the address will consist of the newsmaster, an
"@", and the value of fromhost.)
fromhost
Contains a domain used to construct e-mail addresses. The address of the local news administrator
will be given as <user>@fromhost, where <user> is the newsmaster user set at compile time ("usenet"
by default). This setting will also be used by mailpost(8) to fully qualify addresses and by
inews(1) to generate the Sender header field (and the From header field if missing). The value of
the FROMHOST environment variable, if set, overrides this setting. The default is the fully
qualified domain name of the local host.
localmaxartsize
The maximum article size (in bytes) for locally posted articles. Articles larger than this will be
rejected. A value of "0" allows any size of article, but note that nnrpd and innd will crash if
system memory is exceeded. See also maxartsize, which applies to all articles including those posted
locally. The default value is "1000000" (approximately 1 MB).
moderatormailer
The address to which to send submissions for moderated groups. It is only used if the moderators
file doesn't exist, or if the moderated group to which an article is posted is not matched by any
entry in that file, and takes the same form as an entry in the moderators file. In most cases,
"%s@moderators.isc.org" is a good value for this parameter ("%s" is expanded into a form of the
newsgroup name). See moderators(5) for more details about the syntax. The default is unset. If
this parameter isn't set and an article is posted to a moderated group that does not have a matching
entry in the moderators file, the posting will be rejected with an error.
nnrpdauthsender
Whether to generate a Sender header field based on reader authentication. If this parameter is set,
a Sender header field will be added to local posts containing the identity assigned by readers.conf.
If the assigned identity does not include an "@", the reader's hostname is used. If this parameter
is set but no identity is assigned, the Sender header field will be removed from all posts even if
the poster includes one. This is a boolean value and the default is false.
nnrpdposthost
If set, nnrpd(8) and rnews(1) will pass all locally posted articles to the specified host rather than
trying to inject them locally. See also nnrpdpostport. This should always be set if xrefslave is
true. The default value is unset.
nnrpdpostport
The port on the remote server to connect to to post when nnrpdposthost is used. The default value is
"119".
organization
What to put in the Organization header field body if it is left blank by the poster. The value of
the ORGANIZATION environment variable, if set, overrides this setting. The default is unset, which
tells INN not to insert an Organization header field.
spoolfirst
If true, nnrpd(8) will spool new articles rather than attempting to send them to innd(8). If false,
nnrpd will spool articles only if it receives an error trying to send them to innd. Setting this to
true can be useful if nnrpd must respond as fast as possible to the client; however, when set,
articles will not appear to readers until they are given to innd. nnrpd won't do this; "rnews -U"
must be run periodically to take the spooled articles and post them. This is a boolean value and the
default is false.
strippostcc
Whether to strip To, Cc, and Bcc header fields out of all local posts via nnrpd(8). The primary
purpose of this setting is to prevent abuse of the news server by posting to a moderated group and
including To or Cc header fields in the post so that the news server will send the article to
arbitrary addresses. INN now protects against this abuse in other ways provided mta is set to a
command that includes "%s" and honors it, so this is generally no longer needed. This is a boolean
value and the default is false.
nnrpd(8) has support for controlling high-volume posters via an exponential backoff algorithm, as
configured by the following parameters.
Exponential posting backoff works as follows: news clients are indexed by IP address (or username, see
backoffauth below). Each time a post is received from an IP address, the time of posting is stored
(along with the previous sleep time, see below). After a configurable number of posts in a configurable
period of time, nnrpd(8) will begin to sleep for increasing periods of time before actually posting
anything (posting backoff is therefore activated). Posts will still be accepted, but at an increasingly
reduced rate.
After backoff has been activated, the length of time to sleep is computed based on the difference in time
between the last posting and the current posting. If this difference is less than backoffpostfast, the
new sleep time will be 1 + (previous sleep time * backoffk). If this difference is less than
backoffpostslow but greater than backoffpostfast, then the new sleep time will equal the previous sleep
time. If this difference is greater than backoffpostslow, the new sleep time is zero and posting backoff
is deactivated for this poster. (Note that this does not mean posting backoff cannot be reactivated
later in the session.)
Exponential posting backoff will not be enabled unless backoffdb is set and backoffpostfast and
backoffpostslow are set to something other than their default values.
Here are the parameters that control exponential posting backoff:
backoffauth
Whether to index posting backoffs by user rather than by source IP address. You must be using
authentication in nnrpd(8) for a value of true to have any meaning. This is a boolean value and the
default is false.
backoffdb
The path to a directory, writeable by the news user, that will contain the backoff database. There
is no default for this parameter; you must provide a path to a creatable or writeable directory to
enable exponential backoff.
backoffk
The amount to multiply the previous sleep time by if the user is still posting too quickly. A value
of "2" will double the sleep time for each excessive post. The default value is "1".
backoffpostfast
Postings from the same identity that arrive in less than this amount of time (in seconds) will
trigger increasing sleep time in the backoff algorithm. The default value is "0".
backoffpostslow
Postings from the same identity that arrive in greater than this amount of time (in seconds) will
reset the backoff algorithm. Another way to look at this constant is to realize that posters will be
allowed to generate at most 86400/backoffpostslow posts per day. The default value is "1".
backofftrigger
This many postings are allowed before the backoff algorithm is triggered. The default value is
"10000".
TLS/SSL Support for Reading and Posting
Here are the parameters used by nnrpd(8) to provide TLS/SSL support.
The parameters related to certificates are:
tlscafile
The path to a file containing certificate authority root certificates, used to present a trust chain
to a TLS client. This parameter is only used if nnrpd is built with TLS/SSL support. The default
value is an empty string.
tlscapath
The path to a directory containing certificate authority root certificates. Each file in the
directory should contain one CA certificate, and the name of the file should be the CA subject name
hash value. See the OpenSSL documentation for more information. This parameter is only used if
nnrpd is built with TLS/SSL support. The default value is pathetc.
tlscertfile
The path to a file containing the server certificate to present to TLS clients. This parameter is
only used if nnrpd is built with TLS/SSL support. The default value is pathetc/cert.pem.
If you want to use a complete certificate chain, you can directly put it in tlscertfile (like
Apache's SSLCertificateFile directive). Alternately, you can put a single certificate in tlscertfile
and use tlscafile for additional certificates needed to complete the chain, like a separate authority
root certificate.
More concretely, when using Let's Encrypt certificates, Certbot's files can be installed as follows:
tlscapath: /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com
tlscertfile: /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com/fullchain.pem
tlskeyfile: /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com/privkey.pem
or:
tlscapath: /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com
tlscafile: /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com/chain.pem
tlscertfile: /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com/cert.pem
tlskeyfile: /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com/privkey.pem
Make sure that the permission rights are properly set so that the news user or the news group can
read these directories and files (typically, he should access /etc/letsencrypt/live/news.server.com
and /etc/letsencrypt/archive/news.server.com where the real keys are located, and the private key
should not be world-readable).
If you prefer to point to files outside the directory of Let's Encrypt, you may add a post-renewal
hook for Let's Encrypt to copy the generated files to another location, and give them the expected
rights.
tlskeyfile
The path to a file containing the encryption key for the server certificate named in tlscertfile.
This may be the same as tlscertfile if, when you created the certificate, you put the key in the same
file (if, for example, you gave the same file name to both the -out and -keyout options to "openssl
req"). This parameter is only used if nnrpd is built with TLS/SSL support. The default value is
pathetc/key.pem.
This file must only be readable by the news user or nnrpd will refuse to use it.
Finally, here are the parameters that can be used to tighten the level of security provided by TLS/SSL in
case new attacks exploitable in NNTP on the TLS protocol or some supported cipher suite are discovered:
tlsciphers
The string describing the cipher suites OpenSSL will support for TLS 1.2 and below. See OpenSSL's
ciphers(1) command documentation for details. The default is unset, which uses OpenSSL's default
cipher suite list.
tlsciphers13
The string describing the cipher suites OpenSSL will support for TLS 1.3. See OpenSSL's ciphers(1)
command documentation for details. The default is unset, which uses OpenSSL's default cipher suite
list.
Note that a separate cipher suite configuration parameter is needed for TLS 1.3 because TLS 1.3
cipher suites are not compatible with TLS 1.2, and vice-versa. In order to avoid issues where legacy
TLS 1.2 cipher suite configuration configured in the tlsciphers parameter would inadvertently disable
all TLS 1.3 cipher suites, the inn.conf configuration has been separated out.
tlscompression
Whether to enable or disable TLS/SSL-level compression support, if the negotiated protocol supports
it (notably, TLS 1.3 no longer supports it). This is a boolean and the default is false, that is to
say compression is disabled, so as to follow the best current practices for a secure use of TLS in
application protocols (see RFC 8143 for NNTP).
Note that enabling TLS/SSL-level compression will be possible only if the OpenSSL library INN has
been built with, supports that feature.
tlseccurve
The name of the elliptic curve to use for ephemeral key exchanges. To see the list of curves
supported by OpenSSL, use "openssl ecparam -list_curves".
The default is unset, which means an appropriate curve is auto-selected (if your OpenSSL version is
at least 1.0.2 or you are using LibreSSL) or the NIST P-256 curve is used.
This option is only effective if your OpenSSL version has ECDH support.
tlspreferserverciphers
Whether to let the client or the server decide the preferred cipher suite, signature algorithm or
elliptic curve to use for an incoming connection. This is a boolean and the default is true, that is
to say the server will choose following its own preferences.
tlsprotocols
The list of TLS/SSL protocol versions to support. Valid protocols are SSLv2, SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1,
TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3. The default value is to only allow secure TLS protocols:
tlsprotocols: [ TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3 ]
Note that the listed protocols will be enabled only if the OpenSSL library INN has been built with,
supports them. In case OpenSSL supports protocols more recent than TLSv1.3, they will be
automatically enabled (which anyway is fine regarding security, as newer protocols are supposed to be
more secure).
"SSLv2" was formally deprecated by RFC 6176 in 2011, "SSLv3" by RFC 7568 in 2015, "TLSv1.0" and
"TLSv1.1" by RFC 8996 in 2021.
Monitoring
These parameters control the behavior of innwatch(8), the program that monitors INN and informs the news
administrator if anything goes wrong with it.
doinnwatch
Whether to start innwatch(8) from rc.news. This is a boolean value, and the default is true.
innwatchbatchspace
Free space in pathoutgoing, in inndf(8) output units (normally kilobytes), at which innd(8) will be
throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value is "4000".
innwatchlibspace
Free space in pathdb, in inndf(8) output units (normally kilobytes), at which innd(8) will be
throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value is "25000".
innwatchloload
Load average times 100 at which innd(8) will be restarted by innwatch(8) (undoing a previous pause or
throttle), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value is "1000" (that is, a load average of
10.00).
innwatchhiload
Load average times 100 at which innd(8) will be throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a default
innwatch.ctl. The default value is "2000" (that is, a load average of 20.00).
innwatchpauseload
Load average times 100 at which innd(8) will be paused by innwatch(8), assuming a default
innwatch.ctl. The default value is "1500" (that is, a load average of 15.00).
innwatchsleeptime
How long (in seconds) innwatch(8) will sleep between each check of INN. The default value is "600".
innwatchspoolnodes
Free inodes in patharticles at which innd(8) will be throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a default
innwatch.ctl. The default value is "200".
innwatchspoolspace
Free space in patharticles and pathoverview, in inndf(8) output units (normally kilobytes), at which
innd(8) will be throttled by innwatch(8), assuming a default innwatch.ctl. The default value is
"25000".
Logging
These parameters control what information INN logs.
docnfsstat
Whether to start cnfsstat(8) when innd(8) is started. cnfsstat will log the status of all CNFS
cycbuffs to syslog on a periodic basis (frequency is the default for "cnfsstat -l", currently 600
seconds). This is a boolean value and the default is false.
htmlstatus
Whether innd should write the status report as HTML file or in plain text. The HTML status file goes
to pathhttp/inn_status.html, while the plain text status file is written to pathlog/inn.status. This
is a boolean value and the default is true (an HTML status file is written). Also see the status
parameter.
incominglogfrequency
How many articles to process on an incoming channel before logging the activity. The default value
is "200".
logartsize
Whether the size of accepted articles (in bytes) should be written to the article log file. This is
useful for flow rate statistics and is recommended. This is a boolean value and the default is true.
logcancelcomm
Set this to true to log "ctlinnd cancel" commands to syslog. This is a boolean value and the default
is false.
logcycles
How many old logs scanlogs(8) keeps. scanlogs(8) is generally run by news.daily(8) and will archive
compressed copies of this many days worth of old logs. The default value is "3".
logipaddr
Whether the verified name of the remote feeding host should be logged to the article log for incoming
articles rather than the last entry in the Path header field body. The only reason to ever set this
to false is due to some interactions with newsfeeds flags; see newsfeeds(5) for more information.
This is a boolean value and the default is true.
logsitename
Whether the names of the sites to which accepted articles will be sent should be put into the article
log file. This is useful for debugging and statistics. This is a boolean value and the default is
true.
logstatus
Whether innd should write a shortened version of its status report to syslog every status seconds.
This is a boolean value and the default is true. If set to true, see the status parameter for more
details on how to enable status reporting.
logtrash
Whether innd should add a line in the news log file to report unwanted newsgroups (that is to say
newsgroups not locally carried by the news server). This is a boolean value and the default is true.
It may be useful to set it to false when wanttrash is set to true.
nnrpdoverstats
Whether nnrpd overview statistics should be logged via syslog. This can be useful for measuring
overview performance. This is a boolean value and the default is true.
nntplinklog
Whether to put the storage API token for accepted articles (used by nntplink) in the article log.
This is a boolean value and the default is false.
stathist
Where to write history statistics for analysis with contrib/stathist; this can be modified with
ctlinnd(8) while innd is running. Logging does not occur unless a path is given, and there is no
default value.
status
How frequently (in seconds) innd(8) should write out a status report. The report is written to
pathhttp/inn_status.html or pathlog/inn.status depending on the value of htmlstatus. If this is set
to "0" or "false", status reporting is disabled. The default value is "600" (that is to say reports
are written every 10 minutes).
timer
How frequently (in seconds) innd(8) should report performance timings to syslog. If this is set to
"0", performance timing is disabled. Enabling this is highly recommended, and innreport(8) can
produce a nice summary of the timings. If set to "0", performance timings in nnrpd(8) are also
disabled, although nnrpd always reports statistics on exit and therefore any non-zero value is
equivalent for it. The default value is "600" (that is to say performance timings are reported every
10 minutes).
System Tuning
The following parameters can be modified to tune the low-level operation of INN. In general, you
shouldn't need to modify any of them except possibly rlimitnofile unless the server is having difficulty.
badiocount
How many read or write failures until a channel is put to sleep or closed. The default value is "5".
blockbackoff
Each time an attempted write returns EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK, innd(8) will wait for an increasing
number of seconds before trying it again. This is the multiplier for the sleep time. If you're
having trouble with channel feeds not keeping up, it may be good to change this value to "2" or "3",
since then when the channel fills INN will try again in a couple of seconds rather than waiting two
minutes. The default value is "120".
chaninacttime
The time (in seconds) to wait between noticing inactive channels. The default value is "600".
chanretrytime
How many seconds to wait before a channel restarts. The default value is "300".
datamovethreshold
The threshold for deciding whether to move already-read data to the top of buffer or extend the
buffer. The buffer described here is used for reading NNTP data. Increasing this value may improve
performance, but it should not be increased on Systems with insufficient memory. Permitted values
are between "0" and "1048576" (out of range values are treated as "1048576") and the default value is
"16384".
icdsynccount
How many article writes between updating the active and history files. The default value is "10".
This is a trade-off between faster speed and more data loss if innd crashes (or the system crashes,
or loses power, etc.). The higher this parameter is, the less frequent syncs are done. It is
essentially the frequency of checkpoints: the maximum number of articles that may be orphaned in case
of a crash as they wouldn't have been recorded in the history file. Besides, the missing updates to
the active file would cause other problems later, such as duplicate article numbers and corresponding
errors when storing new articles. (If innd has crashed, you can fix these errors by rebuilding the
history file and overview with makehistory(8). The active file will be automatically be renumbered
after that operation.)
keepmmappedthreshold
When using buffindexed, retrieving overview data (that is, responding to OVER or running expireover)
causes mmapping of all overview data blocks which include requested overview data for newsgroup. But
for high volume newsgroups like control.cancel, this may cause too much mmapping at once leading to
system resource problems. To avoid this, if the amount to be mmapped exceeds keepmmappedthreshold
(in KB), buffindexed mmap's just one overview block (8 KB). This parameter is specific to
buffindexed overview storage method. The default value is "1024" (1 MB).
maxcmdreadsize
If set to anything other than "0", maximum buffer size (in bytes) for reading NNTP command will have
this value. It should not be large on systems which are slow to process and store articles, as that
would lead to innd(8) spending a long time on each channel and keeping other channels waiting. The
default value is BUFSIZ defined in stdio.h (usually between "1024" and "8192" in most environments,
see setbuf(3)).
maxforks
How many times to attempt a fork(2) before giving up. The default value is "10".
maxlisten
How many incoming connections can queue up in the listen backlog for innd, nnrpd and two overview
storage methods ("ovdb" and "ovsqlite"). The default value is "128" and should be raised in case you
notice that some connection requests get dropped.
nicekids
If set to anything other than "0", all child processes of innd(8) will have this nice(2) value. This
is usually used to give all child processes of innd(8) a lower priority (higher nice value) so that
innd(8) can get the lion's share of the CPU when it needs it. The default value is "4".
nicenewnews
If set to anything greater than "0", all nnrpd(8) processes that receive and process a NEWNEWS
command will nice(2) themselves to this value (giving other nnrpd processes a higher priority). The
default value is "0". Note that this value will be ignored if set to a lower value than nicennrpd
(or nicekids if nnrpd(8) is spawned from innd(8)).
nicennrpd
If set to anything greater than "0", all nnrpd(8) processes will nice(2) themselves to this value.
This gives other news processes a higher priority and can help overchan(8) keep up with incoming news
(if that's the object, be sure overchan(8) isn't also set to a lower priority via nicekids). The
default value is "0", which will cause nnrpd(8) processes spawned from innd(8) to use the value of
nicekids, while nnrpd(8) run as a daemon will use the system default priority. Note that for
nnrpd(8) processes spawned from innd(8), this value will be ignored if set to a value lower than
nicekids.
pauseretrytime
Wait for this many seconds before noticing inactive channels. Wait for this many seconds before innd
processes articles when it's paused or the number of channel write failures exceeds badiocount. The
default value is "300".
peertimeout
How long (in seconds) an innd(8) incoming channel may be inactive before innd closes it. The default
value is "3600" (an hour).
rlimitnofile
The maximum number of file descriptors that innd(8) or innfeed(8) can have open at once. If innd(8)
or innfeed(8) attempts to open more file descriptors than this value, it is possible the program may
throttle or otherwise malfunction or suffer reduced functionality. The number of open file
descriptors is roughly the maximum number of incoming feeds and outgoing batches for innd(8) added to
the number of outgoing streams for innfeed(8) and, if you are using the tradindexed overview method,
the value of the overcachesize parameter. If rlimitnofile is set to a negative value, the default
limit of the operating system will be used; this will normally be adequate on systems other than
Solaris. Nearly all operating systems have some hard maximum limit beyond which this value cannot be
raised, usually either 256, 1024, or 65536. The default value of this parameter is "-1".
Setting this parameter to "256" on Solaris systems is highly recommended for 32-bit Solaris versions
or 32-bit applications running on 64-bit Solaris, as well as 64-bit Solaris versions prior to 11.0.
See the Solaris documentation about file descriptors
<https://support.oracle.com/knowledge/Sun%20Microsystems/1005979_1.html> for more details.
Note for expert users building INN from sources: if you need using more than "FD_SETSIZE" file
descriptors (as defined in the sys/select.h system header, usually defaulting to 1024), you can
increase this value for instance to "4096" by rebuilding INN with the "-DLARGE_FD_SETSIZE=4096"
option given to the compiler.
Paths Names
patharchive
Where to store archived news. The default value is pathspool/archive.
patharticles
The path to where the news articles are stored (for storage methods other than CNFS). The default
value is pathspool/articles.
pathbin
The path to the news binaries. The default value is pathnews/bin.
pathcontrol
The path to the files that handle control messages. The code for handling each separate type of
control message is located here. Be very careful what you put in this directory with a name ending
in ".pl", as it can potentially be a severe security risk. The default value is pathbin/control.
pathdb
The path to the database files used and updated by the server (currently, active, active.times,
history and its indices, and newsgroups). The default value is pathnews/db.
pathetc
The path to the news configuration files. The default value is pathnews/etc.
pathfilter
The path to the Perl and Python filters. The default value is pathbin/filter.
pathhttp
Where any HTML files (such as periodic status reports) are placed. If the news reports should be
available in real-time on the web, the files in this directory should be served by a web server. The
default value is the value of pathnews/http.
pathincoming
Location where incoming batched news is stored. The default value is pathspool/incoming.
pathlog
Where the news log files are written. The default value is pathnews/log.
pathnews
The home directory of the news user and usually the root of the news hierarchy. There is no default;
this parameter must be set in inn.conf or INN will refuse to start.
pathoutgoing
Default location for outgoing feed files. The default value is pathspool/outgoing.
pathoverview
The path to news overview files. The default value is pathspool/overview.
pathrun
The path to files required while the server is running and run-time state information. This includes
lock files and the sockets for communicating with innd(8). This directory and the control sockets in
it should be protected from unprivileged users other than the news user. The default value is
pathnews/run.
pathspool
The root of the news spool hierarchy. This used mostly to set the defaults for other parameters, and
to determine the path to the backlog directory for innfeed(8). The default value is pathnews/spool.
pathtmp
Where INN puts temporary files. For security reasons, this is not the same as the system temporary
files directory (INN creates a lot of temporary files with predictable names and does not go to
particularly great lengths to protect against symlink attacks and the like; this is safe provided
that normal users can't write into its temporary directory). The default value is set at configure
time and defaults to pathnews/tmp.
EXAMPLE
Here is a very minimalist example that only sets those parameters that are required.
mta: "/usr/lib/sendmail -oi -oem %s"
ovmethod: tradindexed
pathhost: news.example.com
pathnews: /usr/local/news
hismethod: hisv6
For a more comprehensive example, see the sample inn.conf distributed with INN and installed as a
starting point; it contains all of the default values for reference.
HISTORY
Written by Rich $alz <rsalz@uunet.uu.net> for InterNetNews and since modified, updated, and reorganized
by innumerable other people.
SEE ALSO
inews(1), innd(8), innwatch(8), libinn_dbz(3), libinn_uwildmat(3), makehistory(8), nnrpd(8), rnews(1).
Nearly every program in INN uses this file to one degree or another. The above are just the major and
most frequently mentioned ones.
INN 2.7.3 2025-02-21 INN.CONF(5)