NAME

       strtol - convert a string to a long integer.

SYNOPSIS

       #include <stdlib.h>

       long int strtol(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

DESCRIPTION

       The  strtol()  function  converts the string in nptr to a long integer value according to the given base,
       which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.

       The string must begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by isspace(3)) followed by a
       single optional `+' or `-' sign.  If base is zero or 16, the string may then include a `0x'  prefix,  and
       the  number  will  be  read  in  base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next
       character is `0', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).

       The remainder of the string is converted to a long int value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first
       character which is not a valid digit in the given base.  (In bases above 10, the  letter  `A'  in  either
       upper or lower case represents 10, `B' represents 11, and so forth, with `Z' representing 35.)

       If  endptr  is not NULL, strtol() stores the address of the first invalid character in *endptr.  If there
       were no digits at all, strtol() stores the original value of nptr in *endptr.  (Thus,  if  *nptr  is  not
       `\0' but **endptr is `\0' on return, the entire string is valid.)

RETURN VALUE

       The strtol() function returns the result of the conversion, unless the value would underflow or overflow.
       If an underflow occurs, strtol() returns LONG_MIN.  If an overflow occurs, strtol() returns LONG_MAX.  In
       both cases, errno is set to ERANGE.

ERRORS

       ERANGE The given string was out of range; the value converted has been clamped.

CONFORMING TO

       SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899

SEE ALSO

       atof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), strtod(3), strtoul(3)

BUGS

       Ignores the current locale.

GNU                                               10 June 1995                                         STRTOL(3)