Provided by: opam-doc_2.1.2-1_all 
NAME
opam-pin - Pin a given package to a specific version or source.
SYNOPSIS
opam pin [OPTION]... [COMMAND] [ARG]...
DESCRIPTION
This command allows local customisation of the packages in a given switch. A pinning can either just
enforce a given version, or provide a local, editable version of the definition of the package. It is
also possible to create a new package just by pinning a non-existing package name.
Any customisation is available through the edit subcommand, but the command-line gives facility for
altering the source URL of the package, since it is the most common use: opam pin add PKG URL modifies
package PKG to fetch its source from URL. If a package definition is found in the package's source tree,
it will be used locally.
If (or -) is specified, the package is pinned without a source archive. The package name can be omitted
if the target is a directory containing one or more valid package definitions (this allows one to do e.g.
opam pin add . from a source directory.
If PACKAGE has the form name.version, the pinned package will be considered as version version by opam.
Beware that this doesn't relate with the version of the source actually used for the package. See also
the --with-version option.
The default subcommand is list if there are no further arguments, and add otherwise if unambiguous.
COMMANDS
Without argument, defaults to list.
list
Lists pinned packages.
scan DIR
Lists available packages to pin in directory.
add PACKAGE TARGET
Pins package PACKAGE to TARGET, which may be a version, a path, or a URL. PACKAGE can be omitted if
TARGET contains one or more package descriptions. TARGET can be replaced by --dev-repo if a package
by that name is already known. If TARGET is -, the package is pinned as a virtual package, without
any source. opam will infer the kind of pinning from the format (and contents, if local) of TARGET,
Use --kind or an explicit URL to disable that behaviour. Pins to version control systems may target a
specific branch or commit using #branch e.g. git://host/me/pkg#testing. If PACKAGE is not a known
package name, a new package by that name will be locally created. For source pinnings, the package
version may be specified by using the format NAME.VERSION for PACKAGE, in the source opam file, or
with edit.
remove NAMES...|TARGET
Unpins packages NAMES, restoring their definition from the repository, if any. With a TARGET, unpins
everything that is currently pinned to that target.
edit NAME
Opens an editor giving you the opportunity to change the package definition that opam will locally
use for package NAME, including its version and source URL. Using the format NAME.VERSION will update
the version in the opam file in advance of editing, without changing the actual target. The chosen
editor is determined from environment variables OPAM_EDITOR, VISUAL or EDITOR, in order.
OPTIONS
--dev-repo
Pin to the upstream package source for the latest development version
-e, --edit
With opam pin add, edit the opam file as with `opam pin edit' after pinning.
-j JOBS, --jobs=JOBS
Set the maximal number of concurrent jobs to use. The default value is calculated from the number of
cores. You can also set it using the $OPAMJOBS environment variable.
-k KIND, --kind=KIND
Sets the kind of pinning. Must be one of one of `version', `path', `http', `git', `darcs', `hg',
`none' or `auto'. If unset or auto, is inferred from the format of the target, defaulting to the
appropriate version control if one is detected in the given directory, or to path otherwise.
OPAMPINKINDAUTO can be set to "0" to disable automatic detection of version control.Use none to pin
without a target (for virtual packages).
-n, --no-action
Just record the new pinning status, and don't prompt for (re)installation or removal of affected
packages.
--no
Answer no to all opam yes/no questions without prompting. See also --confirm-level. This is
equivalent to setting $OPAMNO to "true".
--normalise
Print list of available package to pin in format `name.version^url`, that is comprehensible by `opam
pin add`. Available only with the scan subcommand. An example of use is `opam pin scan . --normalise
| grep foo | xargs opam pin add`
-s, --short
Output raw lists of names, one per line, skipping any details.
--with-version=VERSION
Set the pinning version to VERSION for named PACKAGES or packages retrieved from TARGET. It has
priority over any other version specification (opam file version field, name.vers argument)). When
pinning to a version, the package source from that version is used, but declared as being VERSION to
opam. Using --with-version is equivalent to using --edit and adjusting the version in the package
definition file.
-y, --yes
Answer yes to all opam yes/no questions without prompting. See also --confirm-level. This is
equivalent to setting $OPAMYES to "true".
PACKAGE BUILD OPTIONS
--assume-depexts
Skip the installation step for any missing system packages, and attempt to proceed with compilation
of the opam packages anyway. If the installation is successful, opam won't prompt again about these
system packages. Only meaningful if external dependency handling is enabled.
-b, --keep-build-dir
Keep the build directories after compiling packages. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMKEEPBUILDDIR
to "true".
--build-doc
Removed in 2.1, use --with-doc instead.
--build-test
Removed in 2.1, use --with-test instead.
-d, --with-doc
Build the package documentation. This only affects packages listed on the command-line. This is
equivalent to setting $OPAMWITHDOC (or the deprecated $OPAMBUILDDOC) to "true".
--dry-run
Simulate the command, but don't actually perform any changes. This also can be set with environment
variable $OPAMDEBUG.
--fake
This option registers the actions into the opam database, without actually performing them. WARNING:
This option is dangerous and likely to break your opam environment. You probably want --dry-run.
You've been warned.
--ignore-constraints-on[=PACKAGES] (default=)
Forces opam to ignore version constraints on all dependencies to the listed packages. This can be
used to test compatibility, but expect builds to break when using this. Note that version constraints
on optional dependencies and conflicts are unaffected. This is equivalent to setting
$OPAMIGNORECONSTRAINTS.
--inplace-build
When compiling a package which has its source bound to a local directory, process the build and
install actions directly in that directory, rather than in a clean copy handled by opam. This only
affects packages that are explicitly listed on the command-line. This is equivalent to setting
$OPAMINPLACEBUILD to "true".
--lock-suffix=SUFFIX (absent=locked)
Set locked files suffix to SUFFIX.
--locked
In commands that use opam files found from pinned sources, if a variant of the file with an added
.locked extension is found (e.g. foo.opam.locked besides foo.opam), that will be used instead. This
is typically useful to offer a more specific set of dependencies and reproduce similar build
contexts, hence the name. The lockoption can be used to generate such files, based on the versions
of the dependencies currently installed on the host. This is equivalent to setting the $OPAMLOCKED
environment variable. Note that this option doesn't generally affect already pinned packages.
-m MAKE, --make=MAKE
Removed in 2.1, use opam config set[-global] make MAKE instead.
--no-checksums
Do not verify the checksum of downloaded archives.This is equivalent to setting $OPAMNOCHECKSUMS to
"true".
--no-depexts
Temporarily disables handling of external dependencies. This can be used if a package is not
available on your system package manager, but you installed the required dependency by hand. Implies
--assume-depexts, and stores the exceptions upon success as well.
--require-checksums
Reject the installation of packages that don't provide a checksum for the upstream archives. This is
equivalent to setting $OPAMREQUIRECHECKSUMS to "true".
--reuse-build-dir
Reuse existing build directories (kept by using --keep-build-dir), instead of compiling from a fresh
clone of the source. This can be faster, but also lead to failures if the build systems of the
packages don't handle upgrades of dependencies well. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMREUSEBUILDDIR
to "true".
--show-actions
Call the solver and display the actions. Don't perform any changes. This is equivalent to setting
$OPAMSHOW.
--skip-updates
When running an install, upgrade or reinstall on source-pinned packages, they are normally updated
from their origin first. This flag disables that behaviour and will keep them to their version in
cache. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMSKIPUPDATE.
-t, --with-test
Build and run the package unit-tests. This only affects packages listed on the command-line. This is
equivalent to setting $OPAMWITHTEST (or the deprecated $OPAMBUILDTEST) to "true".
--unlock-base
Removed in 2.1, use --update-invariant instead.
--update-invariant
Allow changes to the packages set as switch base (typically, the main compiler). Use with caution.
This is equivalent to setting the $OPAMUNLOCKBASE environment variable
COMMON OPTIONS
These options are common to all commands.
--best-effort
Don't fail if all requested packages can't be installed: try to install as many as possible. Note
that not all external solvers may support this option (recent versions of aspcud or mccs should).
This is equivalent to setting $OPAMBESTEFFORT environment variable.
--cli=MAJOR.MINOR (absent=2.1)
Use the command-line interface syntax and semantics of MAJOR.MINOR. Intended for any persistent use
of opam (scripts, blog posts, etc.), any version of opam in the same MAJOR series will behave as for
the specified MINOR release. The flag was not available in opam 2.0, so to select the 2.0 CLI, set
the OPAMCLI environment variable to 2.0 instead of using this parameter.
--color=WHEN
Colorize the output. WHEN must be one of `always', `never' or `auto'.
--confirm-level=LEVEL
Confirmation level, LEVEL must be one of `ask', `no', `yes' or `unsafe-yes'. Can be specified more
than once. If --yes or --no are also given, the value of the last --confirm-level is taken into
account. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMCONFIRMLEVEL`.
--criteria=CRITERIA
Specify user preferences for dependency solving for this run. Overrides both $OPAMCRITERIA and
$OPAMUPGRADECRITERIA. For details on the supported language, and the external solvers available, see
http://opam.ocaml.org/doc/External_solvers.html. A general guide to using solver preferences can be
found at http://www.dicosmo.org/Articles/usercriteria.pdf.
--cudf=FILENAME
Debug option: Save the CUDF requests sent to the solver to FILENAME-<n>.cudf.
--debug
Print debug message to stderr. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMDEBUG to "true".
--debug-level=LEVEL
Like --debug, but allows specifying the debug level (--debug sets it to 1). Equivalent to setting
$OPAMDEBUG to a positive integer.
--git-version
Print the git version of opam, if set (i.e. you are using a development version), and exit.
--help[=FMT] (default=auto)
Show this help in format FMT. The value FMT must be one of `auto', `pager', `groff' or `plain'. With
`auto', the format is `pager` or `plain' whenever the TERM env var is `dumb' or undefined.
--ignore-pin-depends
Ignore extra pins required by packages that get pinned, either manually through opam pin or through
opam install DIR. This is equivalent to setting IGNOREPINDEPENDS=true.
--json=FILENAME
Save the results of the opam run in a computer-readable file. If the filename contains the character
`%', it will be replaced by an index that doesn't overwrite an existing file. Similar to setting the
$OPAMJSON variable.
--no-aspcud
Removed in 2.1.
--no-auto-upgrade
When configuring or updating a repository that is written for an earlier opam version (1.2), opam
internally converts it to the current format. This disables this behaviour. Note that repositories
should define their format version in a 'repo' file at their root, or they will be assumed to be in
the older format. It is, in any case, preferable to upgrade the repositories manually using opam
admin upgrade [--mirror URL] when possible.
--no-self-upgrade
Opam will replace itself with a newer binary found at OPAMROOT/opam if present. This disables this
behaviour.
-q, --quiet
Disables --verbose.
--root=ROOT
Use ROOT as the current root path. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMROOT to ROOT.
--safe, --readonly
Make sure nothing will be automatically updated or rewritten. Useful for calling from completion
scripts, for example. Will fail whenever such an operation is needed ; also avoids waiting for locks,
skips interactive questions and overrides the $OPAMDEBUG variable. This is equivalent to set
environment variable $OPAMSAFE.
--solver=CMD
Specify the CUDF solver to use for resolving package installation problems. This is either a
predefined solver (this version of opam supports builtin-mccs+lp(), builtin-mccs+glpk,
builtin-dummy-z3-solver, builtin-dummy-0install-solver, aspcud, mccs, aspcud-old, packup), or a
custom command that should contain the variables %{input}%, %{output}%, %{criteria}%, and optionally
%{timeout}%. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMEXTERNALSOLVER.
--strict
Fail whenever an error is found in a package definition or a configuration file. The default is to
continue silently if possible.
--switch=SWITCH
Use SWITCH as the current compiler switch. This is equivalent to setting $OPAMSWITCH to SWITCH.
--use-internal-solver
Disable any external solver, and use the built-in one (this requires that opam has been compiled with
a built-in solver). This is equivalent to setting $OPAMNOASPCUD or $OPAMUSEINTERNALSOLVER.
-v, --verbose
Be more verbose. One -v shows all package commands, repeat to also display commands called internally
(e.g. tar, curl, patch etc.) Repeating n times is equivalent to setting $OPAMVERBOSE to "n".
--version
Show version information.
-w, --working-dir
Whenever updating packages that are bound to a local, version-controlled directory, update to the
current working state of their source instead of the last committed state, or the ref they are
pointing to. As source directory is copied as it is, if it isn't clean it may result on a opam build
failure.This only affects packages explicitly listed on the command-line.It can also be set with
$OPAMWORKINGDIR.
ENVIRONMENT
Opam makes use of the environment variables listed here. Boolean variables should be set to "0", "no",
"false" or the empty string to disable, "1", "yes" or "true" to enable.
OPAMALLPARENS surround all filters with parenthesis.
OPAMASSUMEDEPEXTS see option `--assume-depexts'.
OPAMAUTOREMOVE see remove option `--auto-remove'.
OPAMBESTEFFORT see option `--best-effort'.
OPAMBESTEFFORTPREFIXCRITERIA sets the string that must be prepended to the criteria when the
`--best-effort' option is set, and is expected to maximise the `opam-query' property in the solution.
OPAMBUILDDOC Removed in 2.1.
OPAMBUILDTEST Removed in 2.1.
OPAMCLI see option `--cli'.
OPAMCOLOR when set to always or never, sets a default value for the `--color' option.
OPAMCONFIRMLEVEL see option `--confirm-level`. OPAMCONFIRMLEVEL has priority over OPAMYES and OPAMNO.
OPAMCRITERIA specifies user preferences for dependency solving. The default value depends on the solver
version, use `config report' to know the current setting. See also option --criteria.
OPAMCUDFFILE save the cudf graph to file-actions-explicit.dot.
OPAMCUDFTRIM controls the filtering of unrelated packages during CUDF preprocessing.
OPAMCURL can be used to select a given 'curl' program. See OPAMFETCH for more options.
OPAMDEBUG see options `--debug' and `--debug-level'.
OPAMDEBUGSECTIONS if set, limits debug messages to the space-separated list of sections. Sections can
optionally have a specific debug level (for example, CLIENT:2 or CLIENT CUDF:2), but otherwise use
`--debug-level'.
OPAMDIGDEPTH defines how aggressive the lookup for conflicts during CUDF preprocessing is.
OPAMDOWNLOADJOBS sets the maximum number of simultaneous downloads.
OPAMDROPWORKINGDIR overrides packages previously updated with --working-dir on update. Without this
variable set, opam would keep them unchanged unless explicitly named on the command-line.
OPAMDRYRUN see option `--dry-run'.
OPAMEDITOR sets the editor to use for opam file editing, overrides $EDITOR and $VISUAL.
OPAMERRLOGLEN sets the number of log lines printed when a sub-process fails. 0 to print all.
OPAMEXTERNALSOLVER see option `--solver'.
OPAMFAKE see option `--fake'.
OPAMFETCH specifies how to download files: either `wget', `curl' or a custom command where variables
%{url}%, %{out}%, %{retry}%, %{compress}% and %{checksum}% will be replaced. Overrides the
'download-command' value from the main config file.
OPAMFIXUPCRITERIA same as OPAMUPGRADECRITERIA, but specific to fixup.
OPAMIGNORECONSTRAINTS see install option `--ignore-constraints-on'.
OPAMIGNOREPINDEPENDS see option `--ignore-pin-depends'.
OPAMINPLACEBUILD see option `--inplace-build'.
OPAMJOBS sets the maximum number of parallel workers to run.
OPAMJSON log json output to the given file (use character `%' to index the files).
OPAMKEEPBUILDDIR see install option `--keep-build-dir'.
OPAMKEEPLOGS tells opam to not remove some temporary command logs and some backups. This skips some
finalisers and may also help to get more reliable backtraces.
OPAMLOCKED combination of `--locked' and `--lock-suffix' options.
OPAMLOGS logdir sets log directory, default is a temporary directory in /tmp
OPAMMAKECMD set the system make command to use.
OPAMMERGEOUT merge process outputs, stderr on stdout.
OPAMNO answer no to any question asked, see options `--no` and `--confirm-level`. OPAMNO is ignored if
either OPAMCONFIRMLEVEL or OPAMYES is set.
OPAMNOAGGREGATE with `opam admin check', don't aggregate packages.
OPAMNOASPCUD Deprecated.
OPAMNOAUTOUPGRADE disables automatic internal upgrade of repositories in an earlier format to the current
one, on 'update' or 'init'.
OPAMNOCHECKSUMS enables option --no-checksums when available.
OPAMNODEPEXTS disables system dependencies handling, see option `--no-depexts'.
OPAMNOENVNOTICE Internal.
OPAMNOSELFUPGRADE see option `--no-self-upgrade'
OPAMPINKINDAUTO sets whether version control systems should be detected when pinning to a local path.
Enabled by default since 1.3.0.
OPAMPRECISETRACKING fine grain tracking of directories.
OPAMPREPRO set this to false to disable CUDF preprocessing. Less efficient, but might help debugging
solver issue.
OPAMREQUIRECHECKSUMS Enables option `--require-checksums' when available (e.g. for `opam install').
OPAMRETRIES sets the number of tries before failing downloads.
OPAMREUSEBUILDDIR see option `--reuse-build-dir'.
OPAMROOT see option `--root'. This is automatically set by `opam env --root=DIR --set-root'.
OPAMROOTISOK don't complain when running as root.
OPAMSAFE see option `--safe'.
OPAMSHOW see option `--show'.
OPAMSKIPUPDATE see option `--skip-updates'.
OPAMSKIPVERSIONCHECKS bypasses some version checks. Unsafe, for compatibility testing only.
OPAMSOLVERALLOWSUBOPTIMAL (default `true') allows some solvers to still return a solution when they reach
timeout; while the solution remains assured to be consistent, there is no guarantee in this case that it
fits the expected optimisation criteria. If `true', opam willcontinue with a warning, if `false' a
timeout is an error. Currently only the builtin-z3 backend handles this degraded case.
OPAMSOLVERTIMEOUT change the time allowance of the solver. Default is 60.0, set to 0 for unlimited. Note
that all solvers may not support this option.
OPAMSTATS display stats at the end of command.
OPAMSTATUSLINE display a dynamic status line showing what's currently going on on the terminal. (one of
one of `always', `never' or `auto')
OPAMSTRICT fail on inconsistencies (file reading, switch import, etc.).
OPAMSWITCH see option `--switch'. Automatically set by `opam env --switch=SWITCH --set-switch'.
OPAMUNLOCKBASE see install option `--unlock-base'.
OPAMUPGRADECRITERIA specifies user preferences for dependency solving when performing an upgrade.
Overrides OPAMCRITERIA in upgrades if both are set. See also option --criteria.
OPAMUSEINTERNALSOLVER see option `--use-internal-solver'.
OPAMUSEOPENSSL force openssl use for hash computing.
OPAMUTF8 use UTF8 characters in output (one of one of `always', `never' or `auto'). By default `auto',
which is determined from the locale).
OPAMUTF8MSGS use extended UTF8 characters (camels) in opam messages. Implies OPAMUTF8. This is set by
default on OSX only.
OPAMVALIDATIONHOOK if set, uses the `%{hook%}' command to validate an opam repository update.
OPAMVERBOSE see option `--verbose'.
OPAMVERSIONLAGPOWER do not use.
OPAMWITHDOC see install option `--with-doc'.
OPAMWITHTEST see install option `--with-test.
OPAMWORKINGDIR see option `--working-dir'.
OPAMYES see options `--yes' and `--confirm-level`. OPAMYES has has priority over OPAMNO and is ignored if
OPAMCONFIRMLEVEL is set.
OPAMVAR_var overrides the contents of the variable var when substituting `%{var}%` strings in `opam`
files.
OPAMVAR_package_var overrides the contents of the variable package:var when substituting
`%{package:var}%` strings in `opam` files.
CLI VERSION
All scripts and programmatic invocations of opam should use `--cli' in order to ensure that they work
seamlessly with future versions of the opam client. Additionally, blog posts or other documentation can
benefit, as it prevents information from becoming stale.
Although opam only supports roots (~/.opam/) for the current version, it does provide backwards
compatibility for its command-line interface.
Since CLI version support was only added in opam 2.1, use OPAMCLI to select 2.0 support (as opam 2.0 will
just ignore it), and `--cli=2.1' for 2.1 (or later) versions, since an environment variable controlling
the parsing of syntax is brittle. To this end, opam displays a warning if OPAMCLI specifies a valid
version other than 2.0, and also if `--cli=2.0' is specified.
The command-line version is selected by using the `--cli' option or the OPAMCLI environment variable.
`--cli' may be specified morethan once, where the last instance takes precedence. OPAMCLI is only
inspected if `--cli' is not given.
EXIT STATUS
As an exception to the following, the `exec' command returns 127 if the command was not found or couldn't
be executed, and the command's exit value otherwise.
0 Success, or true for boolean queries.
1 False. Returned when a boolean return value is expected, e.g. when running with --check, or for
queries like opam lint.
2 Bad command-line arguments, or command-line arguments pointing to an invalid context (e.g. file not
following the expected format).
5 Not found. You requested something (package, version, repository, etc.) that couldn't be found.
10 Aborted. The operation required confirmation, which wasn't given.
15 Could not acquire the locks required for the operation.
20 There is no solution to the user request. This can be caused by asking to install two incompatible
packages, for example.
30 Error in package definition, or other metadata files. Using --strict raises this error more often.
31 Package script error. Some package operations were unsuccessful. This may be an error in the packages
or an incompatibility with your system. This can be a partial error.
40 Sync error. Could not fetch some remotes from the network. This can be a partial error.
50 Configuration error. Opam or system configuration doesn't allow operation, and needs fixing.
60 Solver failure. The solver failed to return a sound answer. It can be due to a broken external
solver, or an error in solver configuration.
99 Internal error. Something went wrong, likely due to a bug in opam itself.
130 User interrupt. SIGINT was received, generally due to the user pressing Ctrl-C.
FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
See https://opam.ocaml.org/doc.
AUTHORS
Vincent Bernardoff <vb@luminar.eu.org>
Raja Boujbel <raja.boujbel@ocamlpro.com>
Roberto Di Cosmo <roberto@dicosmo.org>
Thomas Gazagnaire <thomas@gazagnaire.org>
Louis Gesbert <louis.gesbert@ocamlpro.com>
Fabrice Le Fessant <Fabrice.Le_fessant@inria.fr>
Anil Madhavapeddy <anil@recoil.org>
Guillem Rieu <guillem.rieu@ocamlpro.com>
Ralf Treinen <ralf.treinen@pps.jussieu.fr>
Frederic Tuong <tuong@users.gforge.inria.fr>
BUGS
Check bug reports at https://github.com/ocaml/opam/issues.
Opam 2.1.2 OPAM-PIN(1)